Clonidine blocks stress-induced craving in cocaine users.
Clonidine blocks stress-induced craving in cocaine users.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-011-2230-7
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Preston, Kenzie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jobes, Michelle L.;Ghitza, Udi E.;Epstein, David H.;Phillips, Karran A.;Heishman, Stephen J.;Preston, Kenzie L.
对压力源和环境线索的反应是成瘾复发的一个假定原因，可能是预防复发药物的一个有用目标。在啮齿类动物中，α-2肾上腺素能激动剂如可乐定可阻断应激诱导的药物寻求恢复，但不能阻断药物线索诱导的恢复。本研究的目的是测试可乐定对人类可卡因使用者的压力和线索诱导的渴望的影响。健康，非寻求治疗的可卡因使用者（n = 59）被随机分配到三组接受可乐定0，0.1，或0.2毫克口服双盲条件下。在一次测试中，每个参与者接受可乐定或安慰剂，3小时后暴露于两对标准化的催眠-意象脚本（中性/压力和中性/药物）。收集了主观的渴望措施。主观反应（“渴望可卡因”视觉模拟量表）的压力脚本显着衰减在0.1和0.2毫克可乐定组，药物提示脚本，这种衰减只发生在0.2毫克组。其他主观的渴望指标显示出类似的效果模式，但剂量×脚本的相互作用并不显著。可乐定能有效地减少压力诱导的（以及在较高剂量下，线索诱导的）渴望，其模式与临床前研究结果一致，尽管这仅在几项措施中的一项上具有显著性。我们的研究结果，虽然温和和初步的，收敛与其他证据表明，α-2肾上腺素能受体激动剂可能有助于防止复发的药物滥用者经历的压力或情况，提醒他们的药物使用。
Reactivity to stressors and environmental cues, a putative cause of relapse in addiction, may be a useful target for relapse-prevention medication. In rodents, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as clonidine block stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, but not drug cue-induced reinstatement. The objective of this study is to test the effect of clonidine on stress- and cue-induced craving in human cocaine users. Healthy, non-treatment-seeking cocaine users (n = 59) were randomly assigned to three groups receiving clonidine 0, 0.1, or 0.2 mg orally under double-blind conditions. In a single test session, each participant received clonidine or placebo followed 3 h later by exposure to two pairs of standardized auditory-imagery scripts (neutral/stress and neutral/drug). Subjective measures of craving were collected. Subjective responsivity (“crave cocaine” Visual Analog Scale) to stress scripts was significantly attenuated in the 0.1- and 0.2-mg clonidine groups; for drug-cue scripts, this attenuation occurred only in the 0.2-mg group. Other subjective measures of craving showed similar patterns of effects but Dose × Script interactions were not significant. Clonidine was effective in reducing stress-induced (and, at a higher dose, cue-induced) craving in a pattern consistent with preclinical findings, although this was significant on only one of several measures. Our results, though modest and preliminary, converge with other evidence to suggest that alpha-2 adrenergic agonists may help prevent relapse in drug abusers experiencing stress or situations that remind them of drug use.
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影响因子：
120.7
作者：
MCLELLAN, AT;ARNDT, IO;OBRIEN, CP
通讯作者：
OBRIEN, CP
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Erb, S;Shaham, Y;Stewart, J
通讯作者：
Stewart, J
影响因子：
6
作者：
Carter, BL;Tiffany, ST
通讯作者：
Tiffany, ST
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
EHRMAN, RN;ROBBINS, SJ;OBRIEN, CP
通讯作者：
OBRIEN, CP
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kilts, CD;Schweitzer, JB;Drexler, KPG
通讯作者：
Drexler, KPG