Preventing Engrailed-1 activation in fibroblasts yields wound regeneration without scarring.

Preventing Engrailed-1 activation in fibroblasts yields wound regeneration without scarring.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.aba2374
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发表时间:
2021-04-23
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
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其他
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皮肤疤痕是成人伤口愈合的最终结果,对组织的形态和功能有害。已知 Engrailed-1 谱系阳性成纤维细胞 (EPF) 在疤痕形成中发挥作用,但 Engrailed-1 谱系阴性成纤维细胞 (ENF) 的特征仍知之甚少。利用细胞移植和转基因小鼠模型,我们鉴定了一种真皮 ENF 亚群,该亚群通过在成人伤口愈合过程中激活 Engrailed-1 表达来产生出生后衍生的 EPF。通过研究 ENF 对基质力学的反应,我们发现机械张力通过典型的机械转导信号驱动 Engrailed-1 激活。最后,我们发现,用 Yes 相关蛋白 (YAP) 抑制剂维替泊芬或成纤维细胞特异性转基因 YAP 敲除阻断机械转导信号,可防止 Engrailed-1 激活并促进 ENF 的伤口再生,从而恢复皮肤附属器、超微结构和机械强度。这一发现表明,产后伤口愈合有两种可能的结果:纤维化反应(EPF 介导)和再生反应(ENF 介导)。
Skin scarring, the end result of adult wound healing, is detrimental to tissue form and function. Engrailed-1 lineage–positive fibroblasts (EPFs) are known to function in scarring, but Engrailed-1 lineage–negative fibroblasts (ENFs) remain poorly characterized. Using cell transplantation and transgenic mouse models, we identified a dermal ENF subpopulation that gives rise to postnatally derived EPFs by activating Engrailed-1 expression during adult wound healing. By studying ENF responses to substrate mechanics, we found that mechanical tension drives Engrailed-1 activation via canonical mechanotransduction signaling. Finally, we showed that blocking mechanotransduction signaling with either verteporfin, an inhibitor of Yes-associated protein (YAP), or fibroblast-specific transgenic YAP knockout prevents Engrailed-1 activation and promotes wound regeneration by ENFs, with recovery of skin appendages, ultrastructure, and mechanical strength. This finding suggests that there are two possible outcomes to postnatal wound healing: a fibrotic response (EPF-mediated) and a regenerative response (ENF-mediated).
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