Programmed -1 Ribosomal Frameshifting in coronaviruses: A therapeutic target.

Programmed -1 Ribosomal Frameshifting in coronaviruses: A therapeutic target.
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冠状病毒中的程序性-1核糖体移码:治疗靶点。

DOI:
10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.010
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Dinman JD
Dinman JD
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kelly JA;Woodside MT;Dinman JD

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人口增长、气候变化和全球化正在加速新型致病病毒的出现。仅在过去20年中,冠状病毒家族中就有三种这样的成员构成了严重威胁,促使人们加大努力了解它们的生物学,以此作为识别可针对性漏洞的一种方式。冠状病毒使用程序化的−1核糖体移码(−1 PRF)机制来指导其复制酶蛋白的合成。这是他们复制程序中的一个关键转变,可以作为治疗靶点。在这里,我们讨论了近半个世纪对-1 PRF的研究如何深入了解-1 PRF的病毒学重要性,驱动它的分子机制,以及可用于操纵它以实现治疗结果的方法,特别是SARS-CoV-2。SARS-CoV-2 mRNA中的三茎RNA假结指导延长的核糖体暂停并在七聚体滑动位点上向后滑动一个碱基。图片来源:Sherry Fan
Human population growth, climate change, and globalization are accelerating the emergence of novel pathogenic viruses. In the past two decades alone, three such members of the coronavirus family have posed serious threats, spurring intense efforts to understand their biology as a way to identify targetable vulnerabilities. Coronaviruses use a programmed −1 ribosomal frameshift (−1 PRF) mechanism to direct synthesis of their replicase proteins. This is a critical switch in their replication program that can be therapeutically targeted. Here, we discuss how nearly half a century of research into −1 PRF have provided insight into the virological importance of −1 PRF, the molecular mechanisms that drive it, and approaches that can be used to manipulate it towards therapeutic outcomes with particular emphasis on SARS-CoV-2. The three-stemmed RNA pseudoknot in the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA directs an elongating ribosome to pause and slip backwards by one base over the heptameric slippery site. Image credit, Sherry Fan.
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