Structural Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.

Structural Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.
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DOI:
10.1128/mbio.02030-21
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发表时间:
2022-04-26
期刊:
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
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持续的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行表明新型冠状病毒对人类健康构成的威胁。冠状病毒具有高度保守的细胞进入机制,由S基因的唯一产物刺突蛋白介导。刺突蛋白协调感染的结构动力学阐明了抗体如何中和病毒粒子以及S突变如何有助于病毒适应性。在这里,我们回顾的过程中,穗从事其蛋白质受体,血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE 2),以及如何主机蛋白酶总理,随后使病毒粒子和靶细胞之间的有效膜融合。我们强调了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)变异中常见的突变,并讨论了细胞进入的影响。最终,我们提供了一个模型,通过该模型,Sarbecoviruses被激活融合能力,并提供了一个框架,了解体液免疫和SARS-CoV-2刺突的分子进化之间的相互作用。特别是,我们强调的相关性的峡谷假说(M。G. Rossmann,J Biol Chem 264:14587-14590,1989),用于理解在新型病毒病原体的持续种内传播期间病毒进入蛋白的进化轨迹。
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrates the threat posed by novel coronaviruses to human health. Coronaviruses share a highly conserved cell entry mechanism mediated by the spike protein, the sole product of the S gene. The structural dynamics by which the spike protein orchestrates infection illuminate how antibodies neutralize virions and how S mutations contribute to viral fitness. Here, we review the process by which spike engages its proteinaceous receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and how host proteases prime and subsequently enable efficient membrane fusion between virions and target cells. We highlight mutations common among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern and discuss implications for cell entry. Ultimately, we provide a model by which sarbecoviruses are activated for fusion competency and offer a framework for understanding the interplay between humoral immunity and the molecular evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike. In particular, we emphasize the relevance of the Canyon Hypothesis (M. G. Rossmann, J Biol Chem 264:14587–14590, 1989) for understanding evolutionary trajectories of viral entry proteins during sustained intraspecies transmission of a novel viral pathogen.
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