Reminders of a Stigmatized Status Might Help Smokers Quit.
Reminders of a Stigmatized Status Might Help Smokers Quit.
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DOI：
10.1037/sah0000197
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发表时间：
2020-08
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Pisinger C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helweg-Larsen M;Pyakuryal M;Pisinger C
作为一个被贬低的群体的成员，吸烟者遭受耻辱和歧视并不奇怪。但目前尚不清楚吸烟者对这些经历的反应是接近还是远离他们作为吸烟者的群体成员和身份。在污名的身份威胁模型的指导下，我们研究了污名化的过程及其情感、认知、态度和行为后果。我们的实验研究如何阅读污名化的报纸文章或控制文章（实验1），并回顾一个人的经验与吸烟歧视或控制提示（实验2）影响吸烟者的反应。我们还研究了文化背景（美国与丹麦;仅在实验1中）和吸烟身份的作用。在实验1中，我们使用了来自美国（N = 111）和丹麦（N = 111）的社区吸烟者样本。我们发现，阅读侮辱性文章（与对照组相比）导致更高的拒绝敏感性（仅美国参与者）和更多的戒烟意向（美国和丹麦参与者）。在实验2中，我们使用了194名美国吸烟者的在线样本，发现当吸烟者将耻辱线索评估为威胁时，回忆虐待事件会使吸烟者更加压力大、对拒绝更敏感，并且对戒烟更感兴趣。因此，我们通常发现，身份威胁促使吸烟者离开他们的污名化群体（例如，我们的研究强调了了解吸烟者远离他们被宠坏的身份的心理过程的重要性。
As members of a devalued group, it is not surprising that smokers experience stigmatization and discrimination. But it is not clear if smokers react to these experiences by moving toward or away from their group membership and identity as smokers. Guided by the identity threat model of stigma we examined the process of stigmatization and its emotional, cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral consequences. We experimentally examined how reading a stigmatizing newspaper article or a control article (Experiment 1) and recalling one’s experience with smoking discrimination or a control prompt (Experiment 2) affected smokers’ responses. We also examined the role of cultural contexts (U.S. vs. Denmark; only in Experiment 1) and smoking identity. In Experiment 1, we used a community sample of smokers from the U.S. (N = 111) and Denmark (N = 111). We found that reading the stigmatizing article (compared to the control) caused more rejection sensitivity (U.S. participants only) and more intentions to quit smoking (both U.S. and Danish participants) for smokers low in smoking identity. In Experiment 2, we used an online sample of 194 U.S. smokers and found that recalling instances of mistreatment made smokers more stressed, rejection sensitive, and interested in smoking cessation, when smokers appraised the stigma cue as threatening. Thus, we generally found that identity threat moved smokers toward leaving their stigmatized group (e.g., quitting smoking) rather than away from it. Our studies highlight the importance of understanding psychological process by which smokers distance themselves from their spoiled identity.
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