Stability of executive function and predictions to adaptive behavior from middle childhood to pre-adolescence.
Stability of executive function and predictions to adaptive behavior from middle childhood to pre-adolescence.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00331
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Carlson SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harms MB;Zayas V;Meltzoff AN;Carlson SM
从童年到青春期的转变的特点是大脑的快速重塑和冒险行为的增加。目前的理论假设，青春期对情感环境线索的敏感性的发展增强可能会破坏执行功能（EF）并增加问题行为的可能性。在目前的研究中，我们研究了儿童时期的EF在多大程度上预测了青春期早期的EF。我们还测试了儿童时期对情感线索（奖励/惩罚）的神经反应的个体差异是否可以作为青少年早期EF、感觉寻求、学习成绩和社交技能的生物学标记。在8岁时，84名儿童完成了一项赌博任务，同时记录了事件相关电位（erp）。我们研究了在该任务中导致奖励或损失的选择在多大程度上引起(i) P300，一个反映注意力资源向刺激分配的刺激后波形，以及（ii） SPN，一个反映对源于脑岛和腹内侧pfc的结果的“预感”的神经表征的刺激前预期波形。儿童还完成了维度变化卡排序（DCCS）和Flanker任务来测量EF。在12岁时，78名儿童重复了DCCS和Flanker测试，并完成了一系列问卷调查。8岁时Flanker和DCCS的准确性分别预测了12岁时Flanker和DCCS的表现。8岁时P300（损失vs奖励）和SPN（高概率惩罚的先前结果）大小的个体差异预测了12岁时自我报告的感觉寻求（较低）和老师评价的学习成绩（较高）。我们认为8 - 12岁的EF具有稳定性，儿童对奖励和惩罚的神经敏感性预测了进入青春期的儿童在感觉寻求和适应行为方面的个体差异。
The shift from childhood to adolescence is characterized by rapid remodeling of the brain and increased risk-taking behaviors. Current theories hypothesize that developmental enhancements in sensitivity to affective environmental cues in adolescence may undermine executive function (EF) and increase the likelihood of problematic behaviors. In the current study, we examined the extent to which EF in childhood predicts EF in early adolescence. We also tested whether individual differences in neural responses to affective cues (rewards/punishments) in childhood serve as a biological marker for EF, sensation-seeking, academic performance, and social skills in early adolescence. At age 8, 84 children completed a gambling task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. We examined the extent to which selections resulting in rewards or losses in this task elicited (i) the P300, a post-stimulus waveform reflecting the allocation of attentional resources toward a stimulus, and (ii) the SPN, a pre-stimulus anticipatory waveform reflecting a neural representation of a “hunch” about an outcome that originates in insula and ventromedial PFC. Children also completed a Dimensional Change Card-Sort (DCCS) and Flanker task to measure EF. At age 12, 78 children repeated the DCCS and Flanker and completed a battery of questionnaires. Flanker and DCCS accuracy at age 8 predicted Flanker and DCCS performance at age 12, respectively. Individual differences in the magnitude of P300 (to losses vs. rewards) and SPN (preceding outcomes with a high probability of punishment) at age 8 predicted self-reported sensation seeking (lower) and teacher-rated academic performance (higher) at age 12. We suggest there is stability in EF from age 8 to 12, and that childhood neural sensitivity to reward and punishment predicts individual differences in sensation seeking and adaptive behaviors in children entering adolescence.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
Carlson, SM;Mandell, DJ;Williams, L
通讯作者：
Williams, L
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Best, John R.;Miller, Patricia H.;Naglieri, Jack A.
通讯作者：
Naglieri, Jack A.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Carlson SM;White RE;Davis-Unger A
通讯作者：
Davis-Unger A
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1996.0125
发表时间：
1996-10-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Damasio, AR
通讯作者：
Damasio, AR
影响因子：
4
作者：
BEYTHMAROM, R;AUSTIN, L;JACOBSQUADREL, M
通讯作者：
JACOBSQUADREL, M