Budgerigars have complex sleep structure similar to that of mammals.
Budgerigars have complex sleep structure similar to that of mammals.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000929
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Margoliash D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Canavan SV;Margoliash D
鸟类和哺乳动物共享特殊形式的睡眠，包括慢波睡眠(SWS)和快速眼动睡眠(REM)，这引发了为什么以及如何进化特殊睡眠的问题。先前广泛的研究得出结论，鸟类睡眠缺乏哺乳动物睡眠的许多特征，因此鸟类和哺乳动物的特殊睡眠肯定是独立进化出来的。有证据表明，多种鸣禽的睡眠更复杂，这一点受到了挑战。为了将这一分析扩展到鸣禽之外，我们研究了一种鹦鹉，它是鸣鸟的姊妹分类群。我们在成年鹦鹉体内植入脑电(EEG)和眼电(EOG)电极，以评估睡眠结构，并在睡眠期间对鸟类进行视频监控。通过手动和自动技术对睡眠进行评分，包括自动检测慢波和眼球运动。这有助于为鸟类的睡眠评分定义新的标准。虎皮鹦鹉表现出巩固的睡眠，这种模式也在鸣禽和包括人类在内的许多哺乳动物物种中观察到。我们发现，快速眼动占总睡眠的26.5%，与人类相当，比之前报道的要大一个数量级。虽然我们没有观察到纺锤波，但我们发现了类似于非快速眼动(NREM)阶段2的中间睡眠(IS)的明显状态。整夜，SWS减少，REM增加，正如在哺乳动物和鸣禽中观察到的那样。慢波活动(SWA)以29分钟的超常节律波动，表明有系统地通过睡眠状态移动的趋势，就像在其他巩固睡眠的物种中观察到的那样。这些结果与许多更古老的睡眠研究不同，包括对虎皮鹦鹉的研究。在这里，我们证明了先前虎皮鹦鹉研究中使用的光照条件--也是老鸟研究中常用的--极大地扰乱了虎皮鹦鹉的睡眠结构，解释了先前的结果。因此，更复杂的睡眠很可能在广泛的鸟类物种中被忽视了。在哺乳动物、鸣禽和现在的虎皮鹦鹉身上观察到的睡眠结构的相似之处，以及最近在爬行动物和基鸟上的研究，支持了这样的假设，即在高等脊椎动物睡眠的平行进化中，共同的羊膜动物祖先拥有在一个或多个座位上产生REM和SWS的前体。我们根据爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物共享的前脑组织的共同计划来讨论这一假说。先前广泛的研究得出结论，鸟类睡眠缺乏哺乳动物睡眠的许多特征，因此鸟类和哺乳动物的特殊睡眠肯定是独立进化出来的。然而，这项研究表明，鹦鹉这种鹦鹉的睡眠结构与人类成年鹦鹉的睡眠结构惊人地相似，这引发了关于复杂的哺乳类睡眠结构进化的新问题。
Birds and mammals share specialized forms of sleep including slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM), raising the question of why and how specialized sleep evolved. Extensive prior studies concluded that avian sleep lacked many features characteristic of mammalian sleep, and therefore that specialized sleep must have evolved independently in birds and mammals. This has been challenged by evidence of more complex sleep in multiple songbird species. To extend this analysis beyond songbirds, we examined a species of parrot, the sister taxon to songbirds. We implanted adult budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) electrodes to evaluate sleep architecture, and video monitored birds during sleep. Sleep was scored with manual and automated techniques, including automated detection of slow waves and eye movements. This can help define a new standard for how to score sleep in birds. Budgerigars exhibited consolidated sleep, a pattern also observed in songbirds, and many mammalian species, including humans. We found that REM constituted 26.5% of total sleep, comparable to humans and an order of magnitude greater than previously reported. Although we observed no spindles, we found a clear state of intermediate sleep (IS) similar to non-REM (NREM) stage 2. Across the night, SWS decreased and REM increased, as observed in mammals and songbirds. Slow wave activity (SWA) fluctuated with a 29-min ultradian rhythm, indicating a tendency to move systematically through sleep states as observed in other species with consolidated sleep. These results are at variance with numerous older sleep studies, including for budgerigars. Here, we demonstrated that lighting conditions used in the prior budgerigar study—and commonly used in older bird studies—dramatically disrupted budgerigar sleep structure, explaining the prior results. Thus, it is likely that more complex sleep has been overlooked in a broad range of bird species. The similarities in sleep architecture observed in mammals, songbirds, and now budgerigars, alongside recent work in reptiles and basal birds, provide support for the hypothesis that a common amniote ancestor possessed the precursors that gave rise to REM and SWS at one or more loci in the parallel evolution of sleep in higher vertebrates. We discuss this hypothesis in terms of the common plan of forebrain organization shared by reptiles, birds, and mammals. Extensive prior studies concluded that avian sleep lacked many features characteristic of mammalian sleep, and therefore that specialized sleep must have evolved independently in birds and mammals. However, this study shows that the architecture of sleep in budgerigars, a species of parrot, is surprisingly similar to that in human adults, raising new questions about the evolution of complex mammalian-like sleep structure.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
DIJK, DJ;BRUNNER, DP;BORBELY, AA
通讯作者：
BORBELY, AA
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Derégnaucourt, S;Mitra, PP;Tchernichovski, O
通讯作者：
Tchernichovski, O
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Brawn TP;Nusbaum HC;Margoliash D
通讯作者：
Margoliash D
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3295-10.2010
发表时间：
2010-10-20
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brawn TP;Fenn KM;Nusbaum HC;Margoliash D
通讯作者：
Margoliash D
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Blumberg, Mark S.;Coleman, Cassandra M.;Gerth, Ashlynn I.;McMurray, Bob
通讯作者：
McMurray, Bob