Double-negative T cells: Setting the stage for disease control or progression.
Double-negative T cells: Setting the stage for disease control or progression.
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双阴性（DN）T细胞以相对低的频率存在于人外周血中，并且其特征在于表达α-β或γ-δ T细胞受体（TCR），但不表达CD 4或CD 8共受体。尽管它们的频率很低，但这些细胞是细胞因子的有效生产者，因此是免疫反应的关键协调者。DN T细胞最初与诱导外周免疫耐受和与疾病预防相关的免疫调节活性相关。然而，其他研究表明，这些细胞也可以显示与病理发展相关的效应功能。这种明显的矛盾突出了DN T细胞群体的异质性。在这里，我们回顾DN T细胞的表型和功能特征，强调它们在人类疾病中的作用。还将讨论开发生物标志物的必要性，以促进从动物模型到人类的研究翻译。最后，我们将研究DN T细胞作为有前途的治疗靶点，以预防或抑制人类疾病的发展。
Double-negative (DN) T cells are present at relatively low frequencies in human peripheral blood, and are characterized as expressing the alpha-beta or gamma-delta T-cell receptor (TCR), but not the CD4 nor the CD8 co-receptors. Despite their low frequencies, these cells are potent producers of cytokines and, thus, are key orchestrators of immune responses. DN T cells were initially associated with induction of peripheral immunological tolerance and immunomodulatory activities related to disease prevention. However, other studies demonstrated that these cells can also display effector functions associated with pathology development. This apparent contradiction highlighted the heterogeneity of the DN T-cell population. Here, we review phenotypic and functional characteristics of DN T cells, emphasizing their role in human diseases. The need for developing biomarkers to facilitate the translation of studies from animal models to humans will also be discussed. Finally, we will examine DN T cells as promising therapeutic targets to prevent or inhibit human disease development.
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