Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment.
Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment.
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牛奶和酸奶中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的存在及其风险评估
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph13101037
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发表时间：
2016-10-21
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wang X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xing Z;Lu J;Liu Z;Li S;Wang G;Wang X
尽管在许多地区的牛奶和乳制品中发现了全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸，但关于其在新疆（中国）的存在情况的知识很少。本研究测定了新疆地区牛奶和酸奶中PFOA和PFOS的含量，并调查了这两种化合物的平均日摄入量（ADI）。采用甲醇超声萃取和固相萃取，然后采用液相色谱-质谱法分析了全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的含量。零售牛奶和酸奶样本中全氟辛烷磺酸的检出率（39.6%和48.1%）和平均浓度（24.5和31.8纳克/升）均高于全氟辛酸（分别为33.0%和37.0%; 16.2和22.6纳克/升）。对于生奶样本，仅检测到全氟辛烷磺酸。从北部和南部地区的样品之间的两种化合物的水平的差异进行了观察，和北方地区显示出较高的污染水平比南部地区。根据零售牛奶测量和消费数据，计算出新疆成年人的PFOA和PFOS的ADI分别为0.0211和0.0318 ng/kg/d。此外，全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的估计摄入量在不同群体（年龄、地区、性别和种族）之间存在差异，并随着年龄的增长而增加。相关风险比远小于1.0，这一发现表明，新疆人群通过牛奶和酸奶摄入全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸不会对健康造成直接损害。
Although perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been identified in milk and dairy products in many regions, knowledge on their occurrence in Xinjiang (China) is rare. This study was conducted to measure the levels of PFOA and PFOS in milk and yogurt from Xinjiang and to investigate the average daily intake (ADI) of these two compounds. PFOA and PFOS levels were analyzed using ultrasonic extraction with methanol and solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Retail milk and yogurt samples present higher detection rates (39.6% and 48.1%) and mean concentrations (24.5 and 31.8 ng/L) of PFOS than those of PFOA (33.0% and 37.0%; 16.2 and 22.6 ng/L, respectively). For raw milk samples, only PFOS was detected. The differences in the levels of the two compounds between samples from the north and south regions were observed, and northern regions showed higher pollution levels than southern regions. On the basis of the retail milk measurements and consumption data, the ADIs of PFOA and PFOS for Xinjiang adults were calculated to be 0.0211 and 0.0318 ng/kg/day, respectively. Furthermore, the estimated intakes of PFOA and PFOS varied among different groupings (age, area, gender, and race) and increased with increasing age. Relevant hazard ratios were found to be far less than 1.0, and this finding suggested that no imminent health damages were produced by PFOA and PFOS intake via milk and yogurt consumption in the Xinjiang population.
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