Developing a library of authenticated Traditional Chinese Medicinal (TCM) plants for systematic biological evaluation--rationale, methods and preliminary results from a Sino-American collaboration.
Developing a library of authenticated Traditional Chinese Medicinal (TCM) plants for systematic biological evaluation--rationale, methods and preliminary results from a Sino-American collaboration.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fitote.2010.11.017
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发表时间：
2011-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Clardy, Jon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenberg, David M.;Harris, Eric S. J.;Littlefield, Bruce A.;Cao, Shugeng;Craycroft, Jane A.;Scholten, Robert;Bayliss, Peter;Fu, Yanling;Wang, Wenquan;Qiao, Yanjiang;Zhao, Zhongzhen;Chen, Hubiao;Liu, Yong;Kaptchuk, Ted;Hahn, William C.;Wang, Xiaoxing;Roberts, Thomas;Shamu, Caroline E.;Clardy, Jon
虽然近年来草药疗法（又名“民族医学”）的普及和支出在全球范围内有所增加，但其疗效、安全性、作用机制、作为新型治疗剂的潜力、成本效益或缺乏成本效益仍然定义不清且存在争议。此外，已发表的评估草药疗效的临床试验受到了应有的批评，因为它们缺乏质量保证和研究材料的可重复性，以及缺乏合理机制和剂量效应的证明。简而言之，临床植物学研究缺乏一个凝聚力强的研究策略，该策略利用了所有相关专业的专业知识。在此背景下，美国和中国的合作研究人员在传统中医药（TCM），植物学，化学和药物发现方面的专业知识，共同建立了一个由202种经过认证的药用植物和真菌物种组成的原型库，这些物种共同代表了大多数常用中药处方的治疗内容。目前存放在哈佛大学，该图书馆包括每种经鉴定和加工的物种的一式两份或一式三份公斤数量，以及每种母提取物的“脱单宁”提取物和亚级分。每个物种都是在2-3个地点收集的，每个地点在地理上相隔数百英里，有精确的GPS记录，并在测试重金属和/或农药污染之前进行视觉和化学鉴定。已经开发了一种明确的决策过程，其中选择具有最少污染的样品进行乙醇提取和HPLC亚分级分离，以准备在包括癌症生物学靶标在内的广泛的生物学靶标中进行高通量筛选。如所设想的，将单独地和组合地（即，“复杂的混合物”）与传统的民族医学实践相一致。本文概述了建立这一原型、经鉴定的药用植物库的基本原理、方法和初步的“原理证明”。希望这些方法将促进具有治疗潜力的科学发现，并加强系统地评估全球常用草药疗法的努力。
While the popularity of and expenditures for herbal therapies (aka “ethnomedicines”) have increased globally in recent years, their efficacy, safety, mechanisms of action, potential as novel therapeutic agents, cost-effectiveness, or lack thereof, remain poorly defined and controversial. Moreover, published clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of herbal therapies have rightfully been criticized, post hoc, for their lack of quality assurance and reproducibility of study materials, as well as a lack of demonstration of plausible mechanisms and dosing effects. In short, clinical botanical investigations have suffered from the lack of a cohesive research strategy which draws on the expertise of all relevant specialties. With this as background, US and Chinese co-investigators with expertise in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), botany, chemistry and drug discovery, have jointly established a prototype library consisting of 202 authenticated medicinal plant and fungal species that collectively represent the therapeutic content of the majority of all commonly prescribed TCM herbal prescriptions. Currently housed at Harvard University, the library consists of duplicate or triplicate kilogram quantities of each authenticated and processed species, as well as “detanninized” extracts and sub-fractions of each mother extract. Each species has been collected at 2–3 sites, each separated geographically by hundreds of miles, with precise GPS documentation, and authenticated visually and chemically prior to testing for heavy metals and/or pesticides contamination. An explicit decision process has been developed whereby samples with the least contamination were selected to undergo ethanol extraction and HPLC sub-fractionation in preparation for high throughput screening across a broad array of biological targets including cancer biology targets. As envisioned, the subfractions in this artisan collection of authenticated medicinal plants will be tested for biological activity individually and in combinations (i.e., “complex mixtures”) consistent with traditional ethnomedical practice. This manuscript summarizes the rationale, methods and preliminary “proof of principle” for the establishment of this prototype, authenticated medicinal plant library. It is hoped that these methods will foster scientific discoveries with therapeutic potential and enhance efforts to systematically evaluate commonly used herbal therapies worldwide.
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