Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Review.
Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Review.
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自闭症谱系障碍的性别差异：评论。
DOI：
10.1007/s11920-018-0874-2
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发表时间：
2018-03-05
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Brodkin ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferri SL;Abel T;Brodkin ES
神经发育障碍不成比例地影响男性。男性脆弱性或女性保护的机制尚不清楚，研究也不够充分。确定所涉及的过程对于理解神经发育障碍的病因和推进治疗至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了目前的研究结果和理论，有助于男性优势的神经发育障碍，重点是自闭症。最近关于男性在自闭症和其他神经发育障碍中占优势的生物学基础的工作包括讨论女性的遗传和症状负担更高，以及性别特异性基因突变或表观遗传变化差异性地赋予男性风险或保护女性。讨论的其他机制是性染色体和性激素参与。具体来说，胎儿睾酮参与发育的许多方面，并可能与神经递质，神经肽或免疫途径相互作用，以促进男性的脆弱性。最后，女性诊断不足的可能性和多击中假说进行了讨论。这篇综述强调了目前的发展障碍的男性偏见的理论。主题包括环境，遗传和表观遗传机制;性染色体，激素，神经内分泌和免疫功能的理论;女性的诊断不足;和一个多击假说。
Neurodevelopmental disorders disproportionately affect males. The mechanisms underlying male vulnerability or female protection are not known and remain understudied. Determining the processes involved is crucial to understanding the etiology and advancing treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we review current findings and theories that contribute to male preponderance of neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on autism. Recent work on the biological basis of the male preponderance of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders includes discussion of a higher genetic and symptomatic burden in females and sex-specific gene mutations or epigenetic changes that differentially confer risk to males or protection to females. Other mechanisms discussed are sex chromosome and sex hormone involvement. Specifically, fetal testosterone is involved in many aspects of development and may interact with neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, or immune pathways to contribute to male vulnerability. Finally, the possibilities of female underdiagnosis and a multi-hit hypothesis are discussed. This review highlights current theories of male bias in developmental disorders. Topics include environmental, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms; theories of sex chromosomes, hormones, neuroendocrine and immune function; underdiagnosis of females; and a multi-hit hypothesis.
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Beggiato, Anita;Peyre, Hugo;Delorme, Richard
通讯作者：
Delorme, Richard
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baron-Cohen S;Cassidy S;Auyeung B;Allison C;Achoukhi M;Robertson S;Pohl A;Lai MC
通讯作者：
Lai MC
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Barona, Manuela;Kothari, Radha;Micali, Nadia
通讯作者：
Micali, Nadia
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Auyeung B;Ahluwalia J;Thomson L;Taylor K;Hackett G;O'Donnell KJ;Baron-Cohen S
通讯作者：
Baron-Cohen S
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1413620111
发表时间：
2014-09-02
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bhatnagar, Sanchita;Zhu, Xiaochun;Green, Michael R.
通讯作者：
Green, Michael R.