Infant viewing of social scenes is under genetic control and is atypical in autism.
Infant viewing of social scenes is under genetic control and is atypical in autism.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature22999
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发表时间：
2017-07-20
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Jones W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Constantino JN;Kennon-McGill S;Weichselbaum C;Marrus N;Haider A;Glowinski AL;Gillespie S;Klaiman C;Klin A;Jones W
早在婴儿到达、爬行或行走之前，他们就通过观察来探索世界：他们寻求学习和参与，优先关注社交刺激，包括面部、类似面部的刺激和生物运动。这种能力——社交视觉参与——塑造了婴儿从出生起的典型发育，并且在患有自闭症的儿童中受到明显损害。在这里，我们表明，观看社交场景的变化——包括优先关注的水平以及个人眼球运动的时间、方向和目标——受到遗传因素的强烈影响，其影响可直接追溯到对社交信息的主动寻求。在对 338 名幼儿（包括 166 名流行病学确定的双胞胎、88 名患有自闭症的非双胞胎和 84 名单胎对照）进行的一系列眼球追踪实验中，我们发现同卵双胞胎的一致性较高（0.91），异卵双胞胎的一致性相对较低（0.35）。此外，最具遗传性的指标，即优先关注面部的眼睛和嘴部区域的指标，在自闭症儿童中也有不同程度的减少（X2=64.03，P<0.0001）。这些结果表明，社会视觉参与是一种神经发育内表型，不仅适用于自闭症，而且适用于社会信息寻求的人群范围内的差异，揭示了人类生物生态位构建的一种手段，以及个体基因型与早期生活经历的相互作用中出现的表型差异。
Long before infants reach, crawl, or walk, they explore the world by looking: they look to learn and to engage, giving preferential attention to social stimuli including faces, face-like stimuli, and biological motion. This capacity—social visual engagement—shapes typical infant development from birth and is pathognomonically impaired in children affected by autism. Here we show that variation in viewing of social scenes—including levels of preferential attention and the timing, direction, and targeting of individual eye movements—is strongly influenced by genetic factors, with effects directly traceable to the active seeking of social information. In a series of eye-tracking experiments conducted with 338 toddlers—including 166 epidemiologically-ascertained twins, 88 non-twins with autism, and 84 singleton controls—we find high monozygotic twin-twin concordance (0.91) and relatively low dizygotic concordance (0.35). Moreover, the measures that are most highly heritable, preferential attention to eye and mouth regions of the face, are also those that are differentially diminished in children with autism (Χ2=64.03, P<0.0001). These results—which implicate social visual engagement as a neurodevelopmental endophenotype—not only for autism, but for population-wide variation in social-information-seeking—reveal a means of human biological niche construction, with phenotypic differences emerging from the interaction of individual genotypes with early life experience.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00044-7
发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
The Lancet. Neurology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Geschwind DH;State MW
通讯作者：
State MW
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Constantino, JN;Todd, RD
通讯作者：
Todd, RD
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jones, Warren;Carr, Katelin;Klin, Ami
通讯作者：
Klin, Ami
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Constantino, John N.;Abbacchi, Anna M.;Lavesser, Patricia D.;Reed, Hannah;Givens, Leah;Chiang, Lily;Gray, Teddi;Gross, Maggie;Zhang, Yi;Todd, Richard D.
通讯作者：
Todd, Richard D.
影响因子：
3
作者：
FLEISS, JL;SHROUT, PE
通讯作者：
SHROUT, PE