Synaptic cell adhesion.

Synaptic cell adhesion.
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突触细胞粘附。

DOI:
10.1101/cshperspect.a005694
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发表时间:
2012-04-01
影响因子:
7.2
通讯作者:
Biederer T
Biederer T
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Missler M;Südhof TC;Biederer T

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化学突触是介导突触传递的不对称细胞间连接。突触连接由桥接突触间隙的跨突触细胞粘附分子组织。突触细胞粘附分子不仅连接突触前和突触后区室,而且还介导跨突触识别和信号传导过程,这对于突触的建立、规范和可塑性至关重要。越来越多的突触细胞粘附分子已被鉴定,包括神经毒素和神经连接蛋白、SynCAM、受体磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶和几种富含亮氨酸的重复蛋白。这些突触细胞粘附分子利用特征性的细胞外结构域在组织突触连接方面发挥互补作用,而这些作用现在才被揭示。最近的研究结果强调了突触细胞粘附分子对大脑功能的重要性,这些发现表明许多此类分子,特别是神经毒素和神经连接蛋白,与精神分裂症和自闭症有关。
Chemical synapses are asymmetric intercellular junctions that mediate synaptic transmission. Synaptic junctions are organized by trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules bridging the synaptic cleft. Synaptic cell-adhesion molecules not only connect pre- and postsynaptic compartments, but also mediate trans-synaptic recognition and signaling processes that are essential for the establishment, specification, and plasticity of synapses. A growing number of synaptic cell-adhesion molecules that include neurexins and neuroligins, SynCAMs, receptor phosphotyrosine phosphatases, and several leucine-rich repeat proteins have been identified. These synaptic cell-adhesion molecules utilize characteristic extracellular domains to perform complementary roles in organizing synaptic junctions that are only now being revealed. The importance of the roles of synaptic cell-adhesion molecules for brain function is highlighted by recent findings implicating many such molecules, notably neurexins and neuroligins, in schizophrenia and autism.
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