Human evolution and osteoporosis-related spinal fractures.
Human evolution and osteoporosis-related spinal fractures.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0026658
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hernandez CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cotter MM;Loomis DA;Simpson SW;Latimer B;Hernandez CJ
进化医学研究某些疾病是人类进化过程中权衡的结果。脊柱骨折是人类最常见的骨质疏松相关骨折，但在猿类中没有观察到，即使在严重骨质减少的情况下也是如此。在人类中，骨质疏松症的发展受到成年早期的峰值骨量和强度以及与年龄相关的骨质流失的影响。在这里，我们研究了人类和猿类在发生与年龄相关的骨质流失之前椎体（椎骨中最常见的与骨质疏松相关的骨折有关的部分）的结构差异。检查来自年轻成年人和黑猩猩、大猩猩、猩猩和长臂猿的椎骨（T8椎骨，每个物种n =8-14，男性和女性，人类：20-40岁）以确定骨强度（使用有限元模型）、骨形态（外部形状）和小梁微结构（微计算机断层扫描）。 考虑到体重，年轻成年人的椎骨不如猿的椎骨结实（p<0.01）。人类的椎骨在尺寸（体积、横截面积、高度）上比具有相似体重的猿类更大。与猿类相比，年轻成年人椎骨的骨小梁体积分数显著较低（人为0.26±0.04，猿为0.37±0.07，平均值± SD，p<0.01），椎骨壳较薄（考虑体重后，p<0.01）。由于人类的椎骨比猿类在成年初期的椎骨更多孔且更脆弱（在考虑骨量后），即使是少量的与年龄相关的骨质流失也可能导致人类的椎骨骨折，而在猿类中，在椎骨骨折变得可能之前，需要大量的骨质流失。我们提出的论点，在脊椎骨的大小和形状的差异与降低骨强度在人类是与进化适应与两足动物。
The field of evolutionary medicine examines the possibility that some diseases are the result of trade-offs made in human evolution. Spinal fractures are the most common osteoporosis-related fracture in humans, but are not observed in apes, even in cases of severe osteopenia. In humans, the development of osteoporosis is influenced by peak bone mass and strength in early adulthood as well as age-related bone loss. Here, we examine the structural differences in the vertebral bodies (the portion of the vertebra most commonly involved in osteoporosis-related fractures) between humans and apes before age-related bone loss occurs. Vertebrae from young adult humans and chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons (T8 vertebrae, n = 8–14 per species, male and female, humans: 20–40 years of age) were examined to determine bone strength (using finite element models), bone morphology (external shape), and trabecular microarchitecture (micro-computed tomography). The vertebrae of young adult humans are not as strong as those from apes after accounting for body mass (p<0.01). Human vertebrae are larger in size (volume, cross-sectional area, height) than in apes with a similar body mass. Young adult human vertebrae have significantly lower trabecular bone volume fraction (0.26±0.04 in humans and 0.37±0.07 in apes, mean ± SD, p<0.01) and thinner vertebral shells than apes (after accounting for body mass, p<0.01). Since human vertebrae are more porous and weaker than those in apes in young adulthood (after accounting for bone mass), even modest amounts of age-related bone loss may lead to vertebral fracture in humans, while in apes, larger amounts of bone loss would be required before a vertebral fracture becomes likely. We present arguments that differences in vertebral bone size and shape associated with reduced bone strength in humans is linked to evolutionary adaptations associated with bipedalism.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Homminga, J;Weinans, H;Huiskes, R
通讯作者：
Huiskes, R
DOI：
10.1115/1.1589772
发表时间：
2003-08-01
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Crawford, RP;Rosenberg, WS;Keaveny, TM
通讯作者：
Keaveny, TM
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Eswaran, Senthil K.;Gupta, Atul;Keaveny, Tony M.
通讯作者：
Keaveny, Tony M.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Hernandez, CJ;Beaupré, GS;Carter, DR
通讯作者：
Carter, DR
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Buckley, Jenni M.;Loo, Kenneth;Motherway, Julie
通讯作者：
Motherway, Julie