Human monkeypox - After 40 years, an unintended consequence of smallpox eradication.
Human monkeypox - After 40 years, an unintended consequence of smallpox eradication.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.062
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发表时间：
2020-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Wapling A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simpson K;Heymann D;Brown CS;Edmunds WJ;Elsgaard J;Fine P;Hochrein H;Hoff NA;Green A;Ihekweazu C;Jones TC;Lule S;Maclennan J;McCollum A;Mühlemann B;Nightingale E;Ogoina D;Ogunleye A;Petersen B;Powell J;Quantick O;Rimoin AW;Ulaeato D;Wapling A
由世卫组织协调并于40年前获得认证的根除天花行动导致大多数国家停止了常规天花疫苗接种。据估计，世界上70%以上的人口不再受到天花的保护，也不再通过交叉免疫来预防密切相关的正痘病毒，如猴痘。猴痘现在是一种重新出现的疾病。猴痘在撒哈拉以南非洲尚未证实的动物宿主中流行，而其人类流行病学似乎正在发生变化。从加纳作为外来宠物进口的小动物猴痘是2003年美国人类猴痘爆发的源头。在尼日利亚感染的旅行者是2018年和2019年英国、2018年以色列和2019年新加坡猴痘病例的源头。加上人类感染其他正痘病毒的零星报告，这些事实促使人们猜测，新出现或再出现的人类猴痘可能填补了天花空出的流行病学空缺。2019年6月，一个由感兴趣的专家组成的非正式特设小组在伦敦查塔姆研究所（Chatham House）开会审议这些问题，以审查现有数据并确定与猴痘相关的研究空白。了解人畜共患宿主、宿主和媒介。与传播有关的风险。全面描述临床谱和感染的自然史，包括估计猴痘特异性抗体在出现地区生活的人群中的流行率。专家们确定的差距包括：专家们还一致认为，需要更好地了解正痘病毒的基因组进化和不断变化的流行病学、现场基因组诊断的有用性以及最佳疾病控制战略，包括用新一代不复制天花疫苗接种疫苗和用最近开发的抗病毒药物治疗的可能性。
Smallpox eradication, coordinated by the WHO and certified 40 years ago, led to the cessation of routine smallpox vaccination in most countries. It is estimated that over 70% of the world’s population is no longer protected against smallpox, and through cross-immunity, to closely related orthopox viruses such as monkeypox. Monkeypox is now a re-emerging disease. Monkeypox is endemic in as yet unconfirmed animal reservoirs in sub-Saharan Africa, while its human epidemiology appears to be changing. Monkeypox in small animals imported from Ghana as exotic pets was at the origin of an outbreak of human monkeypox in the USA in 2003. Travellers infected in Nigeria were at the origin of monkeypox cases in the UK in 2018 and 2019, Israel in 2018 and Singapore in2019. Together with sporadic reports of human infections with other orthopox viruses, these facts invite speculation that emergent or re-emergent human monkeypox might fill the epidemiological niche vacated by smallpox. An ad-hoc and unofficial group of interested experts met to consider these issues at Chatham House, London in June 2019, in order to review available data and identify monkeypox-related research gaps. understanding of zoonotic hosts, reservoirs and vectors. risks associated with transmission. full description of the clinical spectrum and the natural history of infection including an estimation of the prevalence of monkeypox specific antibodies in humans living in areas of emergence. Gaps identified by the experts included:The experts further agreed on the need for a better understanding of the genomic evolution and changing epidemiology of orthopox viruses, the usefulness of in-field genomic diagnostics, and the best disease control strategies, including the possibility of vaccination with new generation non-replicating smallpox vaccines and treatment with recently developed antivirals.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Falendysz EA;Lopera JG;Doty JB;Nakazawa Y;Crill C;Lorenzsonn F;Kalemba LN;Ronderos MD;Mejia A;Malekani JM;Karem K;Carroll DS;Osorio JE;Rocke TE
通讯作者：
Rocke TE
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.1150
发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.3390/v10050252
发表时间：
2018-05-12
期刊：
Viruses
影响因子：
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影响因子：
3.3
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通讯作者：
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