Neurotransmitters: The Critical Modulators Regulating Gut-Brain Axis.
Neurotransmitters: The Critical Modulators Regulating Gut-Brain Axis.
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神经递质：调节肠道轴的临界调节剂。
DOI：
10.1002/jcp.25518
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Liu XZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mittal R;Debs LH;Patel AP;Nguyen D;Patel K;O'Connor G;Grati M;Mittal J;Yan D;Eshraghi AA;Deo SK;Daunert S;Liu XZ
包括儿茶酚胺和血清素在内的神经递质在维持人体稳态中起着至关重要的作用。对这些神经递质的研究主要围绕着它们在“战斗或逃跑”反应中的作用，通过化学突触传递信号并调节全身的血液流动。然而，最近的研究表明，神经递质在胃肠道（GI）生理中起着重要作用。由于去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素(E)、多巴胺（DA）和血清素在肠道生理中的作用以及它们在胃肠道和中枢神经系统病理生理中的潜在作用，它们最近一直是人们感兴趣的话题。这些神经递质不仅能够调节和控制血液流动，还能影响肠道运动、营养吸收、胃肠道先天免疫系统和微生物群。此外，在炎症性肠病（IBD）和帕金森病等病理状态下，这些神经递质水平失调，从而引起各种胃肠道症状。该领域的研究表明，外源性儿茶酚胺血清浓度的操纵可以帮助减少症状和/或疾病进展。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了目前最新的研究和文献关于神经递质在正常胃肠道生理调节中的作用，它们对几种疾病过程的影响，以及关注使用外源性激素和/或精神药物改善疾病症状的新工作。
Neurotransmitters including catecholamines and serotonin play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Studies on these neurotransmitters mainly revolved around their role in the “fight or flight” response, transmitting signals across a chemical synapse and modulating blood flow throughout the body. However, recent research has demonstrated that neurotransmitters can play a significant role in the gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and serotonin have recently been a topic of interest because of their roles in the gut physiology and their potential roles in gastrointestinal and central nervous system pathophysiology. These neurotransmitters are able to regulate and control not only blood flow, but also affect gut motility, nutrient absorption, gastrointestinal innate immune system, and the microbiome. Furthermore, in pathological states such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson’s disease, the levels of these neurotransmitters are dysregulated, therefore causing a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms. Research in this field has shown that exogenous manipulation of catecholamine serum concentrations can help in decreasing symptomology and/or disease progression. In this review article, we discuss the current state-of-the-art research and literature regarding the role of neurotransmitters in regulation of normal gastrointestinal physiology, their impact on several disease processes, and novel work focused on the use of exogenous hormones and/or psychotropic medications to improve disease symptomology.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
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