Functional evolution of a cis-regulatory module.

Functional evolution of a cis-regulatory module.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.0030093
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发表时间:
2005-04
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Kreitman M
Kreitman M
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ludwig MZ;Palsson A;Alekseeva E;Bergman CM;Nathan J;Kreitman M

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缺乏关于调控区如何与其结构功能相关的进化的知识可能会限制比较序列分析在破译顺式调控序列中的效用。为了解决这个问题,我们应用反向遗传学对来自四种果蝇的真核顺式调控模块(均匀跳过的条纹2增强子)进行了功能性遗传互补分析。这种增强子的进化是非时钟型的,近亲物种之间具有重要的功能差异,远亲物种之间具有功能趋同。功能分化是由于激活水平的差异,而不是基因表达的时空控制。我们的研究结果对理解增强子的结构-功能、物种形成机制和调节模块的计算识别具有重要意义。对4种果蝇的条带2增强子的分析表明,功能差异是由于激活水平的差异,而不是基因表达的时空控制
Lack of knowledge about how regulatory regions evolve in relation to their structure–function may limit the utility of comparative sequence analysis in deciphering cis-regulatory sequences. To address this we applied reverse genetics to carry out a functional genetic complementation analysis of a eukaryotic cis-regulatory module—the even-skipped stripe 2 enhancer—from four Drosophila species. The evolution of this enhancer is non-clock-like, with important functional differences between closely related species and functional convergence between distantly related species. Functional divergence is attributable to differences in activation levels rather than spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Our findings have implications for understanding enhancer structure–function, mechanisms of speciation and computational identification of regulatory modules. Analysis of the even-skipped stripe 2 enhancer from four Drosophila species revealed that functional divergence is attributable to differences in activation levels rather than spatiotemporal control of gene expression
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