Emerging Concepts and Tools in Cell Mechanomemory

Emerging Concepts and Tools in Cell Mechanomemory
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细胞机械记忆中的新兴概念和工具

DOI:
10.1007/s10439-019-02412-z
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Peyton, Shelly R.
Peyton, Shelly R.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lele, Tanmay P.;Brock, Amy;Peyton, Shelly R.

文献摘要

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在过去的几十年里,研究细胞对机械信号的感知和反应能力已经成为一个独立的领域,这个研究领域现在由工程师和生物学家组成。仅作为这种细胞机械传感的一个例子,与刚性基底上的细胞相比,软基底上的成纤维细胞具有更慢的生长速率、更小的散布面积、更低的牵引力和更慢的迁移速度。这种现象并不是成纤维细胞所独有的,因为这些行为以及其他在软基质上的行为已经在各种细胞类型中显示出来,并在许多不同的实验室中重现。到目前为止,该领域的重点是通过离子通道,粘着斑和整合素结合位点的ECM和细胞骨架识别细胞机械传感的机制。在该领域中一个相对较新的概念是机械记忆,它是指机械刺激在从所述刺激中移除很长时间后的持续效应。在这里,我们回顾了这些文献,提供了一个新兴的基板制造方法的概述可能是有帮助的领域,并建议适应遗传工具研究机械记忆。
Studying a cell’s ability to sense and respond to mechanical cues has emerged as a field unto itself over the last several decades, and this research area is now populated by engineers and biologists alike. As just one example of this cell mechanosensing, fibroblasts on soft substrates have slower growth rates, smaller spread areas, lower traction forces, and slower migration speeds compared to cells on stiff substrates. This phenomenon is not unique to fibroblasts, as these behaviors, and others, on soft substrates has been shown across a variety of cell types, and reproduced in many different labs. Thus far, the field has focused on discerning the mechanisms of cell mechanosensing through ion channels, focal adhesions and integrin-binding sites to the ECM, and the cell cytoskeleton. A relatively new concept in the field is that of mechanical memory, which refers to persistent effects of mechanical stimuli long after they have been removed from said stimulus. Here, we review this literature, provide an overview of emerging substrate fabrication approaches likely to be helpful for the field, and suggest the adaption of genetic tools for studying mechanical memory.
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