Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States.
Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41370-022-00434-9
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Casey, Joan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez, David J. X.;Nardone, Anthony;Nguyen, Andrew, V;Morello-Frosch, Rachel;Casey, Joan A.
活性或非活性（即，生产后）附近的油气威尔斯井可能会造成持续的污染。20世纪30年代，房主贷款公司（HOLC）开发的具有种族歧视性的邻里安全地图可能会导致环境暴露差异。确定接受更差的HOLC等级是否与暴露于更多的油气威尔斯井有关。我们评估了来自13个州的33个城市的HOLC分级社区中的石油和天然气威尔斯井的暴露，这些城市的石油和天然气威尔斯井被钻探和操作。在1940年人口普查数据可用的17个城市中，我们使用倾向评分限制和匹配来比较1940年观察到的社会人口特征相似但等级不同的暴露社区。在所有纳入的城市中，划红线的D级社区有12.2 ± 27.2威尔斯km−2的水井，几乎是A级社区（6.8 ± 8.9威尔斯km−2）密度的两倍。在倾向评分限制和匹配分析，红线社区有2.0（1.3，2.7）多威尔斯比可比社区有更好的成绩。我们的研究进一步证明，联邦政策中的结构性种族主义与石油和天然气威尔斯在边缘化社区的不成比例的选址有关。
The presence of active or inactive (i.e., postproduction) oil and gas wells in neighborhoods may contribute to ongoing pollution. Racially discriminatory neighborhood security maps developed by the Home-Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s may contribute to environmental exposure disparities. To determine whether receiving worse HOLC grades was associated with exposure to more oil and gas wells. We assessed exposure to oil and gas wells among HOLC-graded neighborhoods in 33 cities from 13 states where urban oil and gas wells were drilled and operated. Among the 17 cities for which 1940 census data were available, we used propensity score restriction and matching to compare well exposure neighborhoods that were similar on observed 1940 sociodemographic characteristics but that received different grades. Across all included cities, redlined D-graded neighborhoods had 12.2 ± 27.2 wells km−2, nearly twice the density in neighborhoods graded A (6.8 ± 8.9 wells km−2). In propensity score restricted and matched analyses, redlined neighborhoods had 2.0 (1.3, 2.7) more wells than comparable neighborhoods with a better grade. Our study adds to the evidence that structural racism in federal policy is associated with the disproportionate siting of oil and gas wells in marginalized neighborhoods.
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影响因子：
0.8
作者：
Hillier, AE
通讯作者：
Hillier, AE
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