A paradox of parasite resistance: disease-driven trophic cascades increase the cost of resistance, selecting for lower resistance with parasites than without them
A paradox of parasite resistance: disease-driven trophic cascades increase the cost of resistance, selecting for lower resistance with parasites than without them
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寄生虫抵抗力的悖论：疾病驱动的营养级联增加了抵抗力的成本，选择有寄生虫的抵抗力比没有寄生虫的抵抗力低
DOI：
10.1007/s10682-022-10203-7
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Hall, Spencer R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walsman, Jason C.;Strauss, Alexander T.;Hite, Jessica L.;Shocket, Marta S.;Hall, Spencer R.
大多数进化理论预测，在流行病期间，宿主将进化出更高的抵抗力，以抵抗杀死它们的寄生虫。在这里，我们提供了一个典型期望的替代方案，并以资源反馈为中心进行了解释。当抗性代价高昂时，正如预期的那样，宿主进化出了抗性，而没有寄生虫。但是有了寄生虫，宿主就会进化出比没有寄生虫时更强的抵抗力。在生态进化模型中，当满足四个条件时，就会出现这种结果：首先，抗性具有繁殖力成本（通过降低觅食/暴露率）；第二，在流行病期间，资源通过营养级联增加；第三，增加的资源放大了维持快速觅食速度的好处，从而放大了进化为较慢的觅食/暴露速度（即抗性）的成本；第四，成本的扩大超过了抵抗的好处。当这些条件得到满足时，宿主就会进化出比没有寄生虫时更强的抵抗力。这一现象之前在一个以真菌寄生虫、浮游动物宿主和藻类资源为对象的激励中生态实验中被观察到。重新分析这个实验为我们的模型的机制提供了证据。因此，模型和实验都表明，通过资源反馈，寄生虫可以反直觉地选择抵抗。
Most evolutionary theory predicts that, during epidemics, hosts will evolve higher resistance to parasites that kill them. Here, we provide an alternative to that typical expectation, with an explanation centered on resource feedbacks. When resistance is costly, hosts evolve decreasing resistance without parasites, as expected. But with parasites, hosts can evolvelowerresistance than they would in the absence of parasites. This outcome arises in an eco-evolutionary model when four conditions are met: first, resistance has a fecundity cost (here, via decreased foraging/exposure rate); second, resources increase during epidemics via trophic cascades; third, increased resources magnify the benefit of maintaining a fast foraging rate, thereby magnifying the cost of evolving a slower foraging/exposure rate (i.e., resistance); fourth, that amplification of the cost outweighs the benefit of resistance. When these conditions are met, hosts evolvelowerresistance than without parasites. This phenomenon was previously observed in a motivating mesocosm experiment with fungal parasites, zooplankton hosts, and algal resources. Re-analyzing this experiment produced evidence for our model’s mechanism. Thus, both model and experiment indicate that, via resource feedbacks, parasites can counterintuitively select against resistance.
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DOI：
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