Using Intelligent Agents to Examine Gender in Negotiations

Using Intelligent Agents to Examine Gender in Negotiations
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使用智能代理检查谈判中的性别

DOI:
10.1145/3472306.3478348
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lucas, Gale
Lucas, Gale
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Johnson, Emmanuel;Gratch, Jonathan;Boberg, Jill;DeVault, David;Kim, Peter;Lucas, Gale

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在技​​术领域,女性的收入低于男性。人们提出了一些相互竞争的理论来解释这种差异。一些人认为,女性在薪资谈判中表现不佳,部分原因是工作描述中的语言,即所谓的性别触发因素,这让女性在薪资谈判中感到处于不利地位。其他人则指出结构性和制度性偏见:即,即使女性表现出平等的谈判技巧,招聘人员也会向男性提供更好的工作机会。由于最终薪资是通过员工和招聘人员之间的互动共同制定的,因此很难理清这些观点。在这里,我们讨论智能虚拟代理如何作为强大的方法论工具,为这一心理学辩论提供新的见解。我们使用虚拟谈判者来研究性别触发因素对计算机科学(CS)本科生的影响,这些本科生与自动招聘人员进行模拟薪资谈判。我们发现,无论性别如何,计算机科学学生都不愿意谈判,而这种犹豫可能会降低他们的起薪。即使在谈判时,学生们在发现可以提高工资的权衡方面也表现出很少的技巧,这凸显了技术领域谈判培训的必要性。最重要的是,我们发现几乎没有证据表明性别触发因素会影响女性的谈判结果,至少在 CS 领域是如此。我们认为,强调女性个人缺陷的研究结果可能反映了实验控制的缺乏,而智能代理可以帮助纠正这一点,并且对不平等的结构和制度解释值得更多关注。
Women earn less than men in technical fields. Competing theories have been offered to explain this disparity. Some argue that women underperform in negotiating their salary, in-part due to language in job descriptions, called gender triggers, which leave women feeling disadvantaged in salary negotiations. Others point to structural and institutional bias: i.e., recruiters make better offers to men even when women exhibit equal negotiation skills. As a final salary is co-constructed though an interaction between employees and recruiters, it is difficult to disentangle these views. Here, we discuss how intelligent virtual agents serve as powerful methodological tools that lend new insight into this psychological debate. We use virtual negotiators to examine the impact of gender triggers on computer science (CS) undergraduates that engaged in a simulated salary negotiation with an automated recruiter. We find that, regardless of gender, CS students are reluctant to negotiate, and this hesitancy likely lowers their starting salary. Even when they negotiate, students show little skill in discovering tradeoffs that could enhance their salary, highlighting the need for negotiation training in technical fields. Most importantly, we find little evidence that gender triggers impact women's negotiated outcomes, at least within the field of CS. We argue that findings that emphasize women's individual deficits may reflect a lack of experimental control, which intelligent agents can help correct, and that structural and institutional explanations of inequity deserve greater attention.
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