Exposing the grey seal as a major predator of harbour porpoises.
Exposing the grey seal as a major predator of harbour porpoises.
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将灰色海豹暴露为港口海豚的主要捕食者。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2014.2429
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发表时间：
2015-01-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gröne A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leopold MF;Begeman L;van Bleijswijk JD;IJsseldijk LL;Witte HJ;Gröne A
大量搁浅在北海南部海域的港鼠海豚（Phocoena Phocoena）被切成致命的残肢，引发了科学家、捕鱼业和自然资源保护主义者之间的争议，他们对可能的原因看法不一。最近在三只被肢解的港湾海豚的咬痕中检测到灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus）的DNA，以及对灰海豹袭击海豚的直接观察，已经确定这种海豹可能是导致海豚死亡的原因。通过对2003年至2013年间搁浅在荷兰海岸线上的死港鼠海豚（n = 1081）的照片进行回顾性分析，评估了咬痕特征。有271只动物足够新鲜，可以确定地对灰色海豹相关伤口进行宏观评估。在其中的25%中，咬痕和爪痕与灰海豹DNA检测呈阳性的动物身上发现的痕迹一致。受影响的动物大多是健康的幼崽，有厚厚的鲸脂层，最近吃过东西。我们得出的结论是，大多数残害的海港鼠海豚是灰海豹袭击的受害者，而灰海豹的捕食是荷兰海港鼠海豚死亡的主要原因之一。我们提供了一个决策树，将有助于识别未来的灰海豹捕食鼠海豚的情况。
Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranding in large numbers around the southern North Sea with fatal, sharp-edged mutilations have spurred controversy among scientists, the fishing industry and conservationists, whose views about the likely cause differ. The recent detection of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) DNA in bite marks on three mutilated harbour porpoises, as well as direct observations of grey seal attacks on porpoises, have identified this seal species as a probable cause. Bite mark characteristics were assessed in a retrospective analysis of photographs of dead harbour porpoises that stranded between 2003 and 2013 (n = 1081) on the Dutch coastline. There were 271 animals that were sufficiently fresh to allow macroscopic assessment of grey seal-associated wounds with certainty. In 25% of these, bite and claw marks were identified that were consistent with the marks found on animals that had tested positive for grey seal DNA. Affected animals were mostly healthy juveniles that had a thick blubber layer and had recently fed. We conclude that the majority of the mutilated harbour porpoises were victims of grey seal attacks and that predation by this species is one of the main causes of death in harbour porpoises in The Netherlands. We provide a decision tree that will help in the identification of future cases of grey seal predation on porpoises.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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2.3
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