Personality influences temporal discounting preferences: behavioral and brain evidence.
Personality influences temporal discounting preferences: behavioral and brain evidence.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.066
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发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Gabrieli JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manning J;Hedden T;Wickens N;Whitfield-Gabrieli S;Prelec D;Gabrieli JD
人格特征是许多生活结果的稳定预测因子，这些结果与涉及随着时间推移进行权衡的重要决定有关。因此，一个基本的问题是，随着时间的推移，在稳定人格特征方面，人与人之间的权衡是如何变化的。我们调查了人格对时间偏好和跨期选择所涉及的神经活动的影响，通过五因素模型测量。在功能磁共振成像(FMRI)期间，参与者在较小的较早和较大的较晚的金钱奖励之间做出选择。对于每个参与者，我们估计了一个恒定敏感度贴现函数，该函数将不耐烦(未来后果的贬值)与时间敏感度(与理性指数贴现的一致性)分开。总体而言，较高的神经质与相对较大的对立即奖励的偏好和较高的责任心与相对较大的延迟奖励偏好相关。具体地说，尽职尽责与较低的短期不耐性和较高的指数时间偏好呈正相关，而较高的神经质(较低的情绪稳定性)与较高的短期不耐烦和较低的指数时间偏好呈正相关。当责任心较高的参与者选择较小-较早的奖励时，认知控制和奖励大脑区域更活跃，反之，当较高神经质的参与者选择较大-较晚的奖励时，认知控制和奖励大脑区域更活跃。这两个案例都涉及与个性暗示的倾向背道而驰的选择。这些发现揭示了稳定的个性特征从根本上影响了随着时间的推移如何选择奖励。
Personality traits are stable predictors of many life outcomes that are associated with important decisions that involve tradeoffs over time. Therefore, a fundamental question is how tradeoffs over time vary from person to person in relation to stable personality traits. We investigated the influence of personality, as measured by the Five-Factor Model, on time preferences and on neural activity engaged by intertemporal choice. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants made choices between smaller-sooner and larger-later monetary rewards. For each participant, we estimated a constant-sensitivity discount function that dissociates impatience (devaluation of future consequences) from time sensitivity (consistency with rational, exponential discounting). Overall, higher neuroticism was associated with a relatively greater preference for immediate rewards and higher conscientiousness with a relatively greater preference for delayed rewards. Specifically, higher conscientiousness correlated positively with lower short-term impatience and more exponential time preferences, whereas higher neuroticism (lower emotional stability) correlated positively with higher short-term impatience and less exponential time preferences. Cognitive-control and reward brain regions were more activated when higher conscientiousness participants selected a smaller-sooner reward and, conversely, when higher neuroticism participants selected a larger-later reward. Both cases involved choices that went against predispositions implied by personality. These findings reveal that stable personality traits fundamentally influence how rewards are chosen over time.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0919-12.2013
发表时间：
2013-01-02
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jimura K;Chushak MS;Braver TS
通讯作者：
Braver TS
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Ballard K;Knutson B
通讯作者：
Knutson B
影响因子：
25
作者：
Kable, Joseph W.;Glimcher, Paul W.
通讯作者：
Glimcher, Paul W.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Maldjian, JA;Laurienti, PJ;Burdette, JH
通讯作者：
Burdette, JH
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Bleichrodt, Han;Rohde, Kirsten I. M.;Wakker, Peter P.
通讯作者：
Wakker, Peter P.