Donors for nerve transplantation in craniofacial soft tissue injuries.
Donors for nerve transplantation in craniofacial soft tissue injuries.
复制标题
颅面软组织损伤神经移植供体
DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2022.978980
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Li, Xingang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, Sishuai;Lu, Di;Zhong, Hanlin;Li, Chao;Yang, Ning;Huang, Bin;Ni, Shilei;Li, Xingang
关键词：
神经组织是重要的软组织；例如，颅面神经控制人类行为的多个方面，包括言语表达、情绪传递、感觉和运动功能。因此，神经修复促进颅面软组织损伤后功能恢复必不可少。然而，由于其复杂的解剖和生理特征，颅面神经的修复和再生具有挑战性。目前，神经移植是治疗节段性神经缺损不可替代的方法。随着新兴技术的发展，移植供体变得更加多样化。本文回顾了传统和新兴的替代材料，旨在推进颅面神经修复的前沿研究并促进从实验室到临床的过渡。也为临床颅面部软组织损伤后神经修复供体选择提供参考。我们发现自体移植仍然被广泛接受作为节段神经缺损的首选选择。然而，同种异体复合功能单元对于伴有多种组织损伤或丧失的神经缺损的神经移植具有很强的优势。作为自体移植的替代品，脱细胞组织因其低免疫原性而引起越来越多的关注。随着组织工程技术的发展，神经导管已从传统的自体组织发展到基于各种合成材料的复合导管。神经导管具有替代传统供体的巨大潜力，因为其结构更符合生理微环境，并且随着3D技术的改进表现出自我调节性能。水凝胶和纳米材料等新材料在生物医学领域引起了越来越多的关注。它们的生物相容性和刺激响应性已逐渐被研究人员在神经网络的再生和调节中探索。
Neural tissue is an important soft tissue; for instance, craniofacial nerves govern several aspects of human behavior, including the expression of speech, emotion transmission, sensation, and motor function. Therefore, nerve repair to promote functional recovery after craniofacial soft tissue injuries is indispensable. However, the repair and regeneration of craniofacial nerves are challenging due to their intricate anatomical and physiological characteristics. Currently, nerve transplantation is an irreplaceable treatment for segmental nerve defects. With the development of emerging technologies, transplantation donors have become more diverse. The present article reviews the traditional and emerging alternative materials aimed at advancing cutting-edge research on craniofacial nerve repair and facilitating the transition from the laboratory to the clinic. It also provides a reference for donor selection for nerve repair after clinical craniofacial soft tissue injuries. We found that autografts are still widely accepted as the first options for segmental nerve defects. However, allogeneic composite functional units have a strong advantage for nerve transplantation for nerve defects accompanied by several tissue damages or loss. As an alternative to autografts, decellularized tissue has attracted increasing attention because of its low immunogenicity. Nerve conduits have been developed from traditional autologous tissue to composite conduits based on various synthetic materials, with developments in tissue engineering technology. Nerve conduits have great potential to replace traditional donors because their structures are more consistent with the physiological microenvironment and show self-regulation performance with improvements in 3D technology. New materials, such as hydrogels and nanomaterials, have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field. Their biocompatibility and stimuli-responsiveness have been gradually explored by researchers in the regeneration and regulation of neural networks.
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