The effects of background coloration and dark spots on the risk of predation in poison frog models
The effects of background coloration and dark spots on the risk of predation in poison frog models
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背景颜色和黑点对毒蛙模型被捕食风险的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s10682-017-9903-6
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Pröhl H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Preißler K;Pröhl H.
保护色是被捕食物种的一种常见的捕食者回避策略。警戒性物种通常在明亮的背景色上显示出由不同形状和大小的黑点组成的对比色图案。这两种元素，背景色和斑点，预计将服务于不同的目的。虽然在许多研究中已经解决了明亮颜色的生态功能，但与不同大小的斑点的相互作用是否会影响捕食者行为的问题却很少受到研究人员的关注。在哥斯达黎加的一个低地雨林中，我们使用了2700个粘土模型，模仿多型草莓毒蛙（Oophaga pumilio）作为一个警戒猎物物种的代理。我们通过使用局部和非局部警戒和非局部隐蔽背景颜色来操纵背部颜色模式，并将它们与大小增加的黑点（无、小、中、大）相结合。主要目的是测试斑点大小是否会改变不同颜色模型的存活率。背景颜色和斑点大小是被攻击的重要预测因素。然而，这两种效应之间的相互作用并不存在。在五次试验中，捕食者避免了非本地警戒色形态，并没有区分本地警戒和非本地神秘的模型。黑斑大小与攻击率呈负线性相关，说明捕食者选择促进了黑斑的进化。我们进一步得出结论，斑点大小的事项在对比色模式，并在捕食者回避起着重要的作用。
Protective coloration is a well-known predator avoidance strategy in prey species. Aposematic species often display a contrasting color pattern consisting of dark spots of different shapes and sizes on a bright background coloration. Both elements, background color and spots are expected to serve different purposes. While the ecological function of the bright coloration has been addressed in many studies, the question of whether the interaction with differently sized spots influences predator behavior has received less attention by researchers. In a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica we used 2700 clay models that imitated the polytypic strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) as a proxy for an aposematic prey species. We manipulated the dorsal color pattern by using a local and a non-local aposematic and a non-local cryptic background color and combined them with black spots increasing in size (none, small, medium, large). The major objective was to test if spot size alters the survival rate of differently colored models. Background coloration and spot size were significant predictors of being attacked. However, the interaction between both effects was not. During five trials predators avoided the non-local aposematic color morph and did not discriminate between local aposematic and non-local cryptic models. Spot size and attack rate were negatively linear correlated which suggests that predator selection promotes the evolution of dark spots. We further conclude that spot size matters in a contrasting color pattern and plays an important role in predator avoidance.
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对捕食者的选择分析，以影响毒蛙种类的序言。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Dreher CE;Cummings ME;Pröhl H
通讯作者：
Pröhl H
捕食者社区的季节性变化切换了猎物防御的选择方向。
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Mappes, Johanna;Kokko, Hanna;Ojala, Katja;Lindstrom, Leena
通讯作者：
Lindstrom, Leena
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Stuart YE;Dappen N;Losin N
通讯作者：
Losin N
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
L. Deniz Ozel;J. Stynoski
通讯作者：
J. Stynoski
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Lindstedt, C.;Lindstrom, L.;Mappes, J.
通讯作者：
Mappes, J.