The effects of the universal metering programme on water consumption, welfare and equity

The effects of the universal metering programme on water consumption, welfare and equity
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通用计量计划对水消耗、福利和公平的影响

DOI:
10.1093/oep/gpz068
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Oxford Economic Papers
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ornaghi C
Ornaghi C
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ornaghi C

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人们一致认为,水表对促进有效用水是必要的。然而,关于计量的好处和成本的现有证据很少,而且往往是基于小样本。我们使用的数据,从第一个大规模的强制计量计划在英格兰研究其对消费,社会效率和分配结果的影响。我们发现,在安装电表后,消费量减少了22%,这比作为政策目标假设的值要高得多。这一结果意味着,总体而言,计量的好处大于其成本。我们还记录了反应的巨大异质性,许多家庭对新关税表现出较低的敏感性。这一新发现表明,选择性计量,只有价格敏感的家庭获得米,将提供更高的社会福利。从分配效应来看,我们发现各收入群体的消费都出现了类似的减少,尽管只有高收入家庭从新关税中获得了经济利益。
There is consensus that meters are necessary for the promotion of efficient water usage. However, available evidence on the benefits and costs of metering is scant, and often based on small samples. We use data from the first large-scale compulsory metering programme in England to study its impact on consumption, social efficiency and distributional outcomes. We find a decrease in consumption of 22% following meter installation, a considerably higher value than assumed as a policy target. This result implies that, overall, the benefits of metering outweigh its costs. We also document a large heterogeneity in reaction, with many households showing low sensitivity to the new tariff. This novel finding suggests that selective metering, where only more price-sensitive households receive meters, would deliver even higher social welfare. Looking at distributional effects, we find similar reduction in consumption across income groups, although only high-income households gain financially from the new tariff.
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