Assessing skeletal muscle mass: historical overview and state of the art.
Assessing skeletal muscle mass: historical overview and state of the art.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13539-014-0130-5
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Thomas, Diana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heymsfield, Steven B.;Adamek, Michael;Gonzalez, M. Cristina;Jia, Guang;Thomas, Diana M.
尽管骨骼肌（SM）是大多数成年人最大的身体隔室，也是肌肉减少症和恶病质的关键表型标志物，但SM质量直到最近才难以在体内定量，而且往往不切实际。本文回顾了SM质量测量方法的历史发展及其演变，现在有望提供深入的SM成分的非侵入性措施。SM测量方法及其应用进展的关键步骤是从过去两个世纪的历史记录和广泛引用的出版物中获得的。通过收集在科学会议上提出的著名研究及其相关出版物的信息，确定了最新进展。1835年，Chevreul在肉类中发现了肌酸，这一发现至今仍在测量SM质量的D3-肌酸方法中引起共鸣。Matiegka在1921年引入了一种人体测量方法来估计SM质量，其愿景是创建一个人类“能力”标记。20世纪40年代，技术进步最终导致了超声和生物阻抗分析方法的发展，量化体内SM质量。继续寻找一种难以捉摸的SM质量“参考”方法，Burkinshaw和Cohn引入了全身计数-中子活化分析方法，并在20世纪70年代末提供了一些关于癌症恶病质的第一批详细报告。20世纪70年代和80年代初，导致当前SM质量参考方法的三个变革性突破如下：计算机断层扫描（CT）、光子吸收法和磁共振（MR）成像的引入。每一个都是先进的，作为一个准确和/或实用的方法来量化整个生命周期的全身和区域SM质量。这些进展导致了对基本体型-SM质量关系的新理解，其现在广泛应用于评估和监测患有肌肉减少症和恶病质的患者。SM质量和功能之间的中间环节是SM组成。水脂肪MR成像、扩散张量成像、MR弹性成像、通过超短回波时间MR进行的结缔组织结构成像以及其他新的MR方法的进展有望缩小SM解剖与功能之间存在的差距。在过去的两个世纪里，科学家们的全球努力为我们提供了高度准确的手段来测量整个生命周期的SM质量，新的进展有望将这些努力扩展到量化SM成分的非侵入性方法。
Even though skeletal muscle (SM) is the largest body compartment in most adults and a key phenotypic marker of sarcopenia and cachexia, SM mass was until recently difficult and often impractical to quantify in vivo. This review traces the historical development of SM mass measurement methods and their evolution to advances that now promise to provide in-depth noninvasive measures of SM composition. Key steps in the advancement of SM measurement methods and their application were obtained from historical records and widely cited publications over the past two centuries. Recent advances were established by collecting information on notable studies presented at scientific meetings and their related publications. The year 1835 marks the discovery of creatine in meat by Chevreul, a finding that still resonates today in the D3-creatine method of measuring SM mass. Matiegka introduced an anthropometric approach for estimating SM mass in 1921 with the vision of creating a human “capacity” marker. The 1940s saw technological advances eventually leading up to the development of ultrasound and bioimpedance analysis methods of quantifying SM mass in vivo. Continuing to seek an elusive SM mass “reference” method, Burkinshaw and Cohn introduced the whole-body counting-neutron activation analysis method and provided some of the first detailed reports of cancer cachexia in the late 1970s. Three transformative breakthroughs leading to the current SM mass reference methods appeared in the 1970s and early 1980s as follows: the introduction of computed tomography (CT), photon absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Each is advanced as an accurate and/or practical approach to quantifying whole-body and regional SM mass across the lifespan. These advances have led to a new understanding of fundamental body size-SM mass relationships that are now widely applied in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with sarcopenia and cachexia. An intermediate link between SM mass and function is SM composition. Advances in water-fat MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, MR elastography, imaging of connective tissue structures by ultra-short echo time MR, and other new MR approaches promise to close the gap that now exists between SM anatomy and function. The global efforts of scientists over the past two centuries provides us with highly accurate means by which to measure SM mass across the lifespan with new advances promising to extend these efforts to noninvasive methods for quantifying SM composition.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Basford, JR;Jenkyn, TR;Kaufman, KR
通讯作者：
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CHINN, KSK