Breaking down barriers to consistent, climate‐smart regulation of invasive plants: A case study of US Northeast states
Breaking down barriers to consistent, climate‐smart regulation of invasive plants: A case study of US Northeast states
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打破对入侵植物进行一致、气候智能监管的障碍：美国东北部各州的案例研究
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.4014
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Parker, Jocelyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradley, Bethany A.;Beaury, Evelyn M.;Fusco, Emily J.;Munro, Lara;Brown‐Lima, Carrie;Coville, William;Kesler, Benjamin;Olmstead, Nancy;Parker, Jocelyn
当受管制的物种在管辖范围内保持一致，并在物种到达之前或入侵的最早阶段主动禁止这些物种时，防止新的入侵植物的引进和传播的努力是最有效的。一致和主动的监管在美国东北部尤为重要，因为由于气候变化，那里很容易受到许多新的入侵植物的影响。不幸的是，最近对国家管制植物名单的分析表明，管制物种既不一致，也不积极主动。为了了解原因，我们将重点放在导致东北部六个州(康涅狄格州、缅因州、马萨诸塞州、新罕布夏州、纽约州和佛蒙特州)入侵植物监管的两个步骤：评估哪些物种集合以及如何评估风险。我们的分析证实了之前的发现，即入侵植物的法规是不一致的和反应性的。在由一个或多个州监管的128种植物中，54种受到单一州的监管，只有16种受到所有六个州的监管；受监管的物种往往在整个区域广泛分布(不是主动的)。这些结果在很大程度上是由不同的评估物种组合推动的。例如，邻近的佛蒙特州和新罕布夏州总共评估了92种物种，但只有26种重叠。此外，各州很少对没有出现在该州的物种进行评估。各州的风险评估方案差别很大，但始终包括与生态影响、建立潜力、扩散机制和生活史特征有关的标准。虽然这些评估都没有明确考虑气候变化，但它们也没有包含排除对尚未到达该州的物种进行监管的措辞。为了提高一致性和主动性，各州将受益于(1)评估被邻国识别为高风险的物种和我们在这里汇编的高风险、范围变化的入侵物种，以及(2)在评估目标物种的“潜在分布”或“潜在影响”时明确考虑气候变化。此外，区域共享知识和风险评估的机制将使资源较少的国家受益，以应对入侵物种威胁。针对当前和未来的威胁提出统一的防御措施，对于减少入侵物种的影响至关重要，通过更好的国家间协调是可以实现的。
Efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of new invasive plants are most effective when regulated species are consistent across jurisdictional boundaries and proactively prohibit species before they arrive or in the earliest stages of invasion. Consistent and proactive regulation is particularly important in the northeastern United States, which is susceptible to many new invasive plants due to climate change. Unfortunately, recent analyses of state regulated plant lists show that regulated species are neither consistent nor proactive. To understand why, we focus on two steps leading to invasive plant regulation across six northeastern states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont): which sets of species are evaluated and how risk is assessed. Our analysis confirms previous findings that invasive plant regulations are inconsistent and reactive. Of the 128 plants regulated by one or more states, 54 were regulated by a single state and only 16 were regulated by all six states; regulated species tended to be widespread across the region (not proactive). These outcomes are largely driven by different sets of evaluated species. For example, neighboring states Vermont and New Hampshire evaluated 92 species in total, but only 26 overlapped. In addition, states rarely evaluated species that were absent from the state. Risk assessment protocols varied considerably across states, but consistently included criteria related to ecological impact, potential to establish, dispersal mechanisms, and life history traits. While none of the assessments explicitly consider climate change, they also did not contain language that would preclude regulating species that have not yet arrived in the state. To increase consistency and proactivity, states would benefit from (1) evaluating species identified as high risk by neighboring states and high‐risk, range‐shifting invasive species, both of which we compiled here, and (2) explicitly considering climate change when assessing “potential distribution” or “potential impact” of target species. Additionally, a mechanism for sharing knowledge and risk assessments regionally would benefit states with fewer resources to address invasive species threats. Presenting a unified defense against current and future threats is critical for reducing impacts from invasive species and is achievable with better state‐to‐state coordination.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Beaury, Evelyn M.;Fusco, Emily J.;Allen, Jenica M.;Bradley, Bethany A.
通讯作者：
Bradley, Bethany A.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Lisa B. Clark;A. Henry;R. Lave;N. Sayre;E. González;A. Sher
通讯作者：
A. Sher
转化入侵生态学：连接研究和实践，解决生物多样性面临的最大威胁之一
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Morelli, Toni Lyn;Brown-Lima, Carrie J.;Allen, Jenica M.;Beaury, Evelyn M.;Fusco, Emily J.;Barker-Plotkin, Audrey;Laginhas, Brittany B.;Quirion, Brendan R.;Griffin, Bridget;McLaughlin, Blair
通讯作者：
McLaughlin, Blair
识别可能随着气候变化转移到新英格兰北部的高影响入侵植物
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Coville, William;Griffin, Bridget J.;Bradley, Bethany A.
通讯作者：
Bradley, Bethany A.
应对“有害”和“侵入性”监管环境：改进监管的建议
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Lauren D. Quinn;J. Barney;James s. n. m;cubbins;A. Endres
通讯作者：
A. Endres