Motor learning without movement.
Motor learning without movement.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2204379119
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发表时间：
2022-07-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
我们的大脑在没有意识的情况下控制着我们的动作，这使得我们中的许多人可以毫不费力地拿起一杯水或挥手打招呼。在这里，我们证明了这个内隐运动系统可以学会改进我们计划但最终决定不执行的动作。参与者计划达到一个目标，但有时会保留这些达到，而动画模拟错过目标。之后，参与者在不知不觉中到达了与明显错误相反的方向，这表明内隐运动系统已经从动画错误中学习。这些发现表明，运动并不是运动适应的严格必要条件，我们可以学习更新我们的动作，而不需要身体去执行它们。预测错误引导了许多形式的学习，提供了帮助我们提高表现的教学信号。例如，内隐运动适应被认为是由感觉预测错误（SPE）驱动的，当运动的预期和观察结果不同时，就会发生这种情况。传统上，SPE计算被认为需要移动执行。然而，最近的研究表明，大脑可以根据运动想象或计划单独产生感官预测，这一假设受到质疑。在这里，通过测量内隐运动适应在视觉任务，我们测试是否运动规划和适时的感觉反馈是足够的适应。人类参与者被提示去达到一个目标，并且在一个试验的子集中，被迅速提示去抑制这些动作。在有运动和无运动的试验中显示的错误都会引起单次试验适应。即使运动试验从未与错误配对，并且运动方向和感觉反馈轨迹解耦，在没有运动的情况下进行试验的学习也会持续下去。这些观察结果表明，大脑可以计算错误，驱动内隐适应，而不产生明显的运动，导致适应运动命令，而不是明显产生。
Our brains control aspects of our movements without conscious awareness, allowing many of us to effortlessly pick up a glass of water or wave hello. Here, we demonstrate that this implicit motor system can learn to refine movements that we plan but ultimately decide not to perform. Participants planned to reach to a target but sometimes withheld these reaches while an animation simulated missing the target. Afterward, participants unknowingly reached opposite the direction of the apparent mistake, indicating that the implicit motor system had learned from the animated error. These findings indicate that movement is not strictly necessary for motor adaptation, and we can learn to update our actions without physically performing them. Prediction errors guide many forms of learning, providing teaching signals that help us improve our performance. Implicit motor adaptation, for instance, is thought to be driven by sensory prediction errors (SPEs), which occur when the expected and observed consequences of a movement differ. Traditionally, SPE computation is thought to require movement execution. However, recent work suggesting that the brain can generate sensory predictions based on motor imagery or planning alone calls this assumption into question. Here, by measuring implicit motor adaptation during a visuomotor task, we tested whether motor planning and well-timed sensory feedback are sufficient for adaptation. Human participants were cued to reach to a target and were, on a subset of trials, rapidly cued to withhold these movements. Errors displayed both on trials with and without movements induced single-trial adaptation. Learning following trials without movements persisted even when movement trials had never been paired with errors and when the direction of movement and sensory feedback trajectories were decoupled. These observations indicate that the brain can compute errors that drive implicit adaptation without generating overt movements, leading to the adaptation of motor commands that are not overtly produced.
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000440
发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Butcher PA;Taylor JA
通讯作者：
Taylor JA
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Hadjiosif, Alkis M.;Krakauer, John W.;Haith, Adrian M.
通讯作者：
Haith, Adrian M.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Brudner, Samuel N.;Kethidi, Nikhit;Taylor, Jordan A.
通讯作者：
Taylor, Jordan A.
影响因子：
25
作者：
De Zeeuw, Chris I.;Lisberger, Stephen G.;Raymond, Jennifer L.
通讯作者：
Raymond, Jennifer L.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Cain, Matan;Botschko, Yehudit;Joshua, Mati
通讯作者：
Joshua, Mati