Deciphering moral intuition: How agents, deeds, and consequences influence moral judgment.
Deciphering moral intuition: How agents, deeds, and consequences influence moral judgment.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0204631
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Racine E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dubljević V;Sattler S;Racine E
道德评价按照启发式的直觉过程迅速发生，无需费力的深思熟虑。对此有几种相互竞争的解释。 ADC 模型预测道德判断包括对三个不同直觉成分的同时评估：一个人的性格（主体成分，A）；他们的行为（契约成分，D）；以及该情况带来的后果（后果成分，C）。从而，它解释了三种占主导地位的道德理论（美德伦理学、道义论和结果论）的戒律的直观吸引力，以及道德判断的灵活而稳定的本质。对单一成分解释的坚持导致了许多世纪的争论，即哪些道德戒律和理论最能描述（或应该指导）道德评价。这项研究由两项大规模实验组成，并对 ADC 模型产生的预测进行了首次实证研究。我们使用小插图来描述不同的道德情境，其中模型的所有组成部分同时变化。实验 1（受试者内设计）表明，在低风险情况下，对道德直觉的 A、D 和 C 成分的积极描述会导致更积极的道德判断。此外，还发现了组件之间的相互作用效应。实验 2 在受试者间设计中进一步研究了这些结果。我们发现，在高风险情况下，A、D 和 C 成分的效果强度有所不同。此外，性别、年龄、教育程度和社会地位没有影响。然而，对某些道德理论 (PPIMT) 中戒律的偏好部分调节了 A 和 C 成分的影响。未来对道德直觉的研究应该考虑道德判断的同时三部分构成。
Moral evaluations occur quickly following heuristic-like intuitive processes without effortful deliberation. There are several competing explanations for this. The ADC-model predicts that moral judgment consists in concurrent evaluations of three different intuitive components: the character of a person (Agent-component, A); their actions (Deed-component, D); and the consequences brought about in the situation (Consequences-component, C). Thereby, it explains the intuitive appeal of precepts from three dominant moral theories (virtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialism), and flexible yet stable nature of moral judgment. Insistence on single-component explanations has led to many centuries of debate as to which moral precepts and theories best describe (or should guide) moral evaluation. This study consists of two large-scale experiments and provides a first empirical investigation of predictions yielded by the ADC model. We use vignettes describing different moral situations in which all components of the model are varied simultaneously. Experiment 1 (within-subject design) shows that positive descriptions of the A-, D-, and C-components of moral intuition lead to more positive moral judgments in a situation with low-stakes. Also, interaction effects between the components were discovered. Experiment 2 further investigates these results in a between-subject design. We found that the effects of the A-, D-, and C-components vary in strength in a high-stakes situation. Moreover, sex, age, education, and social status had no effects. However, preferences for precepts in certain moral theories (PPIMT) partially moderated the effects of the A- and C-component. Future research on moral intuitions should consider the simultaneous three-component constitution of moral judgment.
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