The Enhancement of Plant Disease Resistance Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology.
The Enhancement of Plant Disease Resistance Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2018.01245
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Lanubile A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borrelli VMG;Brambilla V;Rogowsky P;Marocco A;Lanubile A
基因组编辑技术发展迅速，成为植物实现病原抗性最重要的遗传工具之一。近年来出现了使用大范围核酸酶、锌指核酸酶 (ZFN)、转录激活子样效应核酸酶 (TALEN) 和成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR)/CRISPR 相关蛋白 9 (Cas9) 的定点修饰方法。近年来，CRISPR/Cas9由于更容易设计和实施、成功率更高、用途更广泛且成本更低，在很大程度上取代了其他基因组编辑技术。本综述重点介绍了在模型植物和作物中使用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术应对病毒、真菌和细菌疾病的植物保护的最新进展。在实现病毒病抗性方面，将讨论拟南芥和本塞姆氏烟草等模式物种中采用的主要策略，其中包括整合靶向和干扰病毒基因组的CRISPR编码序列以及在宿主植物基因组中诱导CRISPR介导的靶向突变。此外，在真菌和细菌抗病性方面，将回顾基于CRISPR/Cas9靶向修饰水稻、番茄、小麦和柑橘等作物易感基因的策略。经过多年破译和读取基因组后，研究人员现在正在编辑和重写它们，以开发对特定害虫和病原体有抵抗力的作物。
Genome editing technologies have progressed rapidly and become one of the most important genetic tools in the implementation of pathogen resistance in plants. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of site directed modification methods using meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has largely overtaken the other genome editing technologies due to the fact that it is easier to design and implement, has a higher success rate, and is more versatile and less expensive. This review focuses on the recent advances in plant protection using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in model plants and crops in response to viral, fungal and bacterial diseases. As regards the achievement of viral disease resistance, the main strategies employed in model species such as Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana, which include the integration of CRISPR-encoding sequences that target and interfere with the viral genome and the induction of a CRISPR-mediated targeted mutation in the host plant genome, will be discussed. Furthermore, as regards fungal and bacterial disease resistance, the strategies based on CRISPR/Cas9 targeted modification of susceptibility genes in crop species such as rice, tomato, wheat, and citrus will be reviewed. After spending years deciphering and reading genomes, researchers are now editing and rewriting them to develop crop plants resistant to specific pests and pathogens.
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