Exposure to Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S in U.S. Adults and Children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.

Exposure to Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S in U.S. Adults and Children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.
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DOI:
10.1021/acsomega.8b00824
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发表时间:
2018-06-30
期刊:
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Bao W
Bao W
中科院分区:
化学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lehmler HJ;Liu B;Gadogbe M;Bao W

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在含有聚碳酸酯和环氧树脂的产品制造中,双酚 F (BPF) 和双酚 S (BPS) 正在取代双酚 A (BPA)。需要有关这些替代品当前人类暴露水平的数据来帮助评估其人类健康风险。本研究分析了参加 2013-2014 年国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的成人 (N = 1808) 和儿童 (N = 868) 的尿双酚水平,并调查了与尿双酚水平相关的人口和生活方式因素。在 NHANES 2013-2014 分析中,随机选择的尿液样本中分别检测出 95.7%、89.4% 和 66.5% 的 BPA、BPS 和 BPF。美国成人中 BPA 的中位水平(1.24 μg/L)高于 BPF 和 BPS 水平(分别为 0.35 和 0.37 μg/L)。对于儿童来说,BPA 中位水平(1.25 μg/L)也高于 BPF 和 BPS 水平(分别为 0.32 和 0.29 μg/L)。 BPA、BPF 和 BPS 的检测限分别为 0.2、0.2 和 0.1 μg/L。尿液水平与性别、种族/民族、家庭收入、体力活动、吸烟和/或酒精摄入量有关,具体取决于特定的双酚。这项研究的结果表明,美国普通民众接触 BPA 替代品的情况几乎无处不在。由于美国人口的暴露情况不同,因此有必要对影响 BPF 和 BPS 暴露的环境、消费者和生活方式因素进行进一步研究。
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are replacing bisphenol A (BPA) in the manufacturing of products containing polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Data on current human exposure levels of these substitutes are needed to aid in the assessment of their human health risks. This study analyzed urinary bisphenol levels in adults (N = 1808) and children (N = 868) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 and investigated demographic and lifestyle factors associated with urinary levels of bisphenols. BPA, BPS, and BPF were detected in 95.7, 89.4, and 66.5% of randomly selected urine samples analyzed as part of NHANES 2013–2014, respectively. Median levels of BPA in U.S. adult were higher (1.24 μg/L) than BPF and BPS levels (0.35 and 0.37 μg/L, respectively). For children, median BPA levels were also higher (1.25 μg/L) than BPF and BPS levels (0.32 and 0.29 μg/L, respectively). The limits of detection for BPA, BPF, and BPS were 0.2, 0.2, and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. Urinary levels showed associations with gender, race/ethnicity, family income, physical activity, smoking, and/or alcohol intake that depended on the specific bisphenol. The results of this study indicate that exposure of the general U.S. population to BPA substitutes is almost ubiquitous. Because exposures differ across the U.S. population, further studies of environmental, consumer, and lifestyle factors affecting BPF and BPS exposures are warranted.
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