Genome structure drives patterns of gene family evolution in ciliates, a case study using Chilodonella uncinata (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea).

Genome structure drives patterns of gene family evolution in ciliates, a case study using Chilodonella uncinata (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea).
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DOI:
10.1111/evo.12430
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发表时间:
2014-08
期刊:
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Katz LA
Katz LA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gao F;Song W;Katz LA

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在大多数谱系中,基因家族成员之间的多样性是基因复制和序列差异的结果。由于体细胞核发育过程中的基因组重排,纤毛虫基因家族的进化涉及更复杂的过程。以往对纤毛虫的研究表明,大核β-微管蛋白基因家族成员是通过交替加工产生的,其中胚系区域在多个大核染色体上交替使用。为了进一步研究这种纤毛虫的基因组进化,我们分析了它的转录组,发现:1)在基因家族中存在广泛的选择性加工;2)这样的基因家族很可能是中国纤毛虫所特有的。我们表征了来自两个钩端螺旋体菌株的一个候选交替处理基因家族的额外的大核和微核拷贝--蛋白激活域包含蛋白(PKC)。对PKC序列的分析表明:1)大核中的多个PKC基因家族成员共享一些相同的区域,两侧是分歧区;2)共享的相同区域是从单个微核染色体加工而来的。我们讨论了在真核生物生命树的谱系中类似的过程,以提供关于基因组结构对真核生物基因家族进化的影响的进一步见解。
In most lineages, diversity among gene family members results from gene duplication followed by sequence divergence. Because of the genome rearrangements during the development of somatic nuclei, gene family evolution in ciliates involves more complex processes. Previous work on the ciliate Chilodonella uncinata revealed that macronuclear β-tubulin gene family members are generated by alternative processing, in which germline regions are alternatively used in multiple macronuclear chromosomes. To further study genome evolution in this ciliate, we analyzed its transcriptome and found that: 1) alternative processing is extensive among gene families; and 2) such gene families are likely to be C. uncinata-specific. We characterized additional macronuclear and micronuclear copies of one candidate alternatively processed gene family -- a protein kinase domain containing protein (PKc) -- from two C. uncinata strains. Analysis of the PKc sequences reveals: 1) multiple PKc gene family members in the macronucleus share some identical regions flanked by divergent regions; and 2) the shared identical regions are processed from a single micronuclear chromosome. We discuss analogous processes in lineages across the eukaryotic tree of life to provide further insights on the impact of genome structure on gene family evolution in eukaryotes.
对纤毛chilodonella uncinata中四个基因的染色体拷贝数和表达水平的分析揭示了一种复杂的模式,提示表观遗传调节。
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