Functional implications of hypothalamic neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain.

Functional implications of hypothalamic neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.07.003
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发表时间:
2012-12
期刊:
International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Blackshaw S
Blackshaw S
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee DA;Blackshaw S

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成年神经发生是成熟大脑结构可塑性的一个显著例子。如今,对成年哺乳动物神经发生的研究几乎完全集中在两个区域:海马齿状回的颗粒下区(SGZ)和侧脑室的室下区(SVZ)。然而,许多研究也报道了下丘脑中的成年神经发生,下丘脑是一种大脑结构,作为许多生理和行为功能的中枢稳态调节器,例如进食、代谢、体温、口渴、疲劳、攻击性、睡眠、昼夜节律和性行为。最近对下丘脑神经发生的研究在下丘脑一个特定的神经发生区内确定了一个祖细胞群。此外,成年后产生的下丘脑神经元似乎在代谢、体重和能量平衡的调节中起作用。成年下丘脑神经发生可能还具有哪些其他功能作用还有待观察。这篇综述总结了关于哺乳动物下丘脑中神经干细胞/祖细胞的鉴定和特征描述的研究,这些干细胞/祖细胞在何种情况下参与神经发生,以及出生后产生的下丘脑神经元的潜在功能。
Adult neurogenesis represents a striking example of structural plasticity in the mature brain. Research on adult mammalian neurogenesis today focuses almost exclusively on two areas: the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. Numerous studies, however, have also reported adult neurogenesis in the hypothalamus, a brain structure that serves as a central homeostatic regulator of numerous physiological and behavioral functions, such as feeding, metabolism, body temperature, thirst, fatigue, aggression, sleep, circadian rhythms, and sexual behavior. Recent studies on hypothalamic neurogenesis have identified a progenitor population within a dedicated hypothalamic neurogenic zone. Furthermore, adult born hypothalamic neurons appear to play a role in the regulation of metabolism, weight, and energy balance. It remains to be seen what other functional roles adult hypothalamic neurogenesis may play. This review summarizes studies on the identification and characterization of neural stem/progenitor cells in the mammalian hypothalamus, in what contexts these stem/progenitor cells engage in neurogenesis, and potential functions of postnatally generated hypothalamic neurons.
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