False-belief understanding in 2.5-year-olds: evidence from two novel verbal spontaneous-response tasks.
False-belief understanding in 2.5-year-olds: evidence from two novel verbal spontaneous-response tasks.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01103.x
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cummins D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott RM;He Z;Baillargeon R;Cummins D
最近的研究表明，学步儿童和婴儿在各种非言语自发反应错误信念任务上取得成功；在这里，我们询问幼儿是否也会在施加了显著语言要求的言语自发反应错误信念任务中取得成功。研究人员用两种新颖的任务对2.5岁的儿童进行了测试：一种是优先看任务，孩子们一边看图画书(有匹配的和不匹配的图片)一边听一个错误信念的故事；另一种任务是违反预期的任务，在这个任务中，孩子们看着一位成年人的受试者回答一个标准的错误信念问题(正确或错误地)。这两项任务都取得了积极的结果，尽管他们对语言有要求。这些结果(1)支持了自发反应任务和诱导反应任务之间的区别，表明幼儿在不要求他们回答有关代理人错误信念的直接问题的口头错误信念任务中取得了成功，(2)证实了自发反应任务评估的早期错误信念理解的稳健连续性的主张，以及(3)为研究人员在神经典型人群和自闭症人群中探索早期错误信念理解提供了新的实验任务。
Recent research indicates that toddlers and infants succeed at various non-verbal spontaneous-response false-belief tasks; here we asked whether toddlers would also succeed at verbal spontaneous-response false-belief tasks that imposed significant linguistic demands. 2.5-year-olds were tested using two novel tasks: a preferential-looking task in which children listened to a false-belief story while looking at a picture book (with matching and non-matching pictures), and a violation-of-expectation task in which children watched an adult “Subject” answer (correctly or incorrectly) a standard false-belief question. Positive results were obtained with both tasks, despite their linguistic demands. These results (1) support the distinction between spontaneous-and elicited-response tasks by showing that toddlers succeed at verbal false-belief tasks that do not require them to answer direct questions about agents’ false beliefs, (2) reinforce claims of robust continuity in early false-belief understanding as assessed by spontaneous-response tasks, and (3) provide researchers with new experimental tasks for exploring early false-belief understanding in neurotypical and autistic populations.
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