Evolution of Nipah Virus Infection: Past, Present, and Future Considerations.
Evolution of Nipah Virus Infection: Past, Present, and Future Considerations.
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DOI：
10.3390/tropicalmed6010024
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发表时间：
2021-02-14
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Chua JV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hauser N;Gushiken AC;Narayanan S;Kottilil S;Chua JV
尼帕病毒(Nipah Virus，NIV)是一种亨尼帕病毒属的人畜共患副粘病毒，1998年在马来西亚首次发现。海尼帕病毒有蝙蝠宿主，并已从大洋洲、亚洲和非洲发现的果蝠中分离出来。蝙蝠传人被认为是人类新城疫病毒感染的主要方式，尽管描述了多个中间宿主。人类感染新城疫最初被描述为一种发烧和接触猪后迅速神经功能下降的综合征。最近的暴发描述了一种具有突出呼吸道症状和人传人的综合征。自1998年以来，几乎每年都有疫情爆发，病死率超过90%。水库宿主的无处不在的性质、日益严重的森林砍伐、多种传播方式、高病死率以及缺乏有效的治疗或疫苗，使得新城疫的大流行潜力越来越大。在这里，我们回顾了新城疫的流行病学和微生物学，以及正在开发的治疗剂和疫苗。
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus of the Henipavirus genus first identified in Malaysia in 1998. Henipaviruses have bat reservoir hosts and have been isolated from fruit bats found across Oceania, Asia, and Africa. Bat-to-human transmission is thought to be the primary mode of human NiV infection, although multiple intermediate hosts are described. Human infections with NiV were originally described as a syndrome of fever and rapid neurological decline following contact with swine. More recent outbreaks describe a syndrome with prominent respiratory symptoms and human-to-human transmission. Nearly annual outbreaks have been described since 1998 with case fatality rates reaching greater than 90%. The ubiquitous nature of the reservoir host, increasing deforestation, multiple mode of transmission, high case fatality rate, and lack of effective therapy or vaccines make NiV’s pandemic potential increasingly significant. Here we review the epidemiology and microbiology of NiV as well as the therapeutic agents and vaccines in development.
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