Enzyme promiscuity drives branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissues.

Enzyme promiscuity drives branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissues.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41589-018-0132-2
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发表时间:
2018-11
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Metallo CM
Metallo CM
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wallace M;Green CR;Roberts LS;Lee YM;McCarville JL;Sanchez-Gurmaches J;Meurs N;Gengatharan JM;Hover JD;Phillips SA;Ciaraldi TP;Guertin DA;Cabrales P;Ayres JS;Nomura DK;Loomba R;Metallo CM

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Fatty acid synthase (FASN) predominantly generates straight-chain fatty acids using acetyl-CoA as the initiating substrate. However, monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (mmBCFAs) are also present in mammals but thought to be primarily diet-derived. Here we demonstrate that mmBCFAs are de novo synthesized via mitochondrial BCAA catabolism, exported to the cytosol by adipose-specific expression of carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT), and elongated by FASN. Brown fat exhibits the highest BCAA catabolic and mmBCFA synthesis fluxes, whereas these lipids are largely absent from liver and brain. mmBCFA synthesis is also sustained in the absence of microbiota. We identify hypoxia as a potent suppressor of BCAA catabolism that decreases mmBCFA synthesis in obese adipose tissue, such that mmBCFAs are significantly decreased in obese animals. These results identify adipose tissue mmBCFA synthesis as a novel link between BCAA metabolism and lipogenesis, highlighting roles for CrAT and FASN promiscuity that influence acyl-chain diversity in the lipidome.
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