How do apes ape?
How do apes ape?
复制标题
猿猴是怎样做的？
作者：
A. Whiten;V. Horner;C. Litchfield;S. Marshall
在对早期结论所依据的基础提出批评之后，过去15年里，猿类社会学习研究出现了复兴。因此，我们能够回顾这一时期的31项实验研究，其中研究了黑猩猩，大猩猩和猩猩的社会学习。在这个时代开始时提出的主要问题是，猿类会模仿猿类吗？答案是肯定的，至少在某些情况下。因此，现在更有趣的问题是，猿类是如何模仿的？对这个问题的探讨已经产生了更丰富的社会学习过程分类法，以及揭示这些过程的新方法。总之，这些研究表明，猿类通过灵活的适应方式，结合非社会性学习，采用一系列替代性社会学习过程。最后，我们勾勒出的决策树，似乎是这些替代品的部署的基础。
In the wake of telling critiques of the foundations on which earlier conclusions were based, the last 15 years have witnessed a renaissance in the study of social learning in apes. As a result, we are able to review 31 experimental studies from this period in which social learning in chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans has been investigated. The principal question framed at the beginning of this era, Do apes ape? has been answered in the affirmative, at least in certain conditions. The more interesting question now is, thus, How do apes ape? Answering this question has engendered richer taxonomies of the range of social-learning processes at work and new methodologies to uncover them. Together, these studies suggest that apes ape by employing a portfolio of alternative social-learning processes in flexibly adaptive ways, in conjunction with nonsocial learning. We conclude by sketching the kind of decision tree that appears to underlie the deployment of these alternatives.
儿童（智人）和黑猩猩（黑猩猩）对人工水果加工的模仿学习。
DOI：
10.1037/0735-7036.110.1.3
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Whiten,A;Custance,DM;Gomez,JC;Teixidor,P;Bard,KA
通讯作者：
Bard,KA
影响因子：
4
作者：
MELTZOFF, AN
通讯作者：
MELTZOFF, AN
年轻黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的社会参考。
DOI：
10.1037/0735-7036.111.2.185
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Russell,CL;Bard,KA;Adamson,LB
通讯作者：
Adamson,LB