Mechanistic and pharmacological analyses of HIV-1 integration.

Mechanistic and pharmacological analyses of HIV-1 integration.
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HIV-1 整合的机制和药理学分析。

DOI:
10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.03.018
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Engelman,Alan
Engelman,Alan
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Engelman,Alan

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近年来,人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)整合领域取得了重大进展。考虑到整合酶的本质,它一直是抗病毒药物开发的目标。最重要的进展是默克公司于2007年10月批准了首个获批的整合酶抑制剂雷替格拉韦(raltegravir)。另一个里程碑是鉴定和表征了介导整合酶3 '加工和DNA链转移活性的特异性核蛋白复合物。全基因组分布分析进一步揭示了不同的逆转录病毒在整合过程中靶向不同的染色质区域。例如,慢病毒倾向于转录活跃的基因,而γ -逆转录病毒(如Moloney小鼠白血病病毒)则倾向于转录起始位点。尽管大多数逆转录病毒的潜在机制尚不清楚,但慢病毒的偏好在很大程度上是通过与整合酶结合蛋白晶状体上皮衍生生长因子(LEDGF)/p75的相互作用引导的。形成这些进展的基础的实验方法,以及与HIV-1整合研究相关的其他技术,将在本期的《方法》中进行描述。
Significant advances have transpired in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration field in recent years. Considering its essential nature, integrase has long been a target of interest for antiviral drug development. The most significant advance was the approval of the Merck compound raltegravir, the first licensed integrase inhibitor, in October 2007. Another milestone was the identification and characterization of specific nucleoprotein complexes that mediate integrase 3’ processing and DNA strand transfer activities in vitro. Genome-wide distribution analyses have furthermore revealed that different retroviruses differentially target distinctive regions of chromatin during integration. For examples, lentiviruses favor actively transcribed genes whereas gammaretroviruses such as Moloney murine leukemia virus prefer transcriptional start sites. Though the underlying mechanisms are unknown for most retroviruses, the lentiviral preference is in large part guided through the interaction with the integrase binding protein lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75. Experimental methods that formed the foundations for each of these advances, as well as other techniques topical to the study of HIV-1 integration, are described in this issue of Methods.
在整合重组过程中,HIV-1 线性 DNA 的末端有两个碱基被删除。
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