A unique regulatory phase of DNA methylation in the early mammalian embryo.

A unique regulatory phase of DNA methylation in the early mammalian embryo.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature10960
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发表时间:
2012-03-28
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Meissner, Alexander
Meissner, Alexander
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith, Zachary D.;Chan, Michelle M.;Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.;Gu, Hongcang;Gnirke, Andreas;Regev, Aviv;Meissner, Alexander

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DNA甲基化在哺乳动物胚胎发生过程中是高度动态的。广泛接受的是,父本基因组在受精时主动耗尽5-甲基胞嘧啶,随后是在胚泡阶段达到最低限度的被动损失。然而,这一模型是基于有限的数据,并到目前为止,没有基本的分辨率地图存在,以支持和完善it. There,我们产生了基因组规模的DNA甲基化图谱在小鼠配子和通过植入后胚胎发生。我们发现卵母细胞已经表现出全面的低甲基化,最明显的是在长散布元件-1和长末端重复逆转录元件的特定家族中,这些元件在配子之间是不同的,并决定了受精卵中较低的甲基化值。令人惊讶的是,卵母细胞贡献了一组独特的差异甲基化区域(DMR),包括许多CpG岛启动子区域,其在早期胚胎中维持,但在特化时丢失并且不存在于体细胞中。相比之下,精子贡献的DMR主要是基因间的,并在胚泡阶段后分解为高甲基化。我们的数据提供了一个完整的基因组规模,基本分辨率时间轴的DNA甲基化在预先指定的胚胎,当这种表观遗传修饰是最动态的,然后返回到典型的体细胞模式。
DNA methylation is highly dynamic during mammalian embryogenesis. It is broadly accepted that the paternal genome is actively depleted of 5-methyl cytosine at fertilization, followed by passive loss that reaches a minimum at the blastocyst stage. However, this model is based on limited data, and to date no base-resolution maps exist to support and refine it. Here, we generated genome-scale DNA methylation maps in mouse gametes and through post-implantation embryogenesis. We find that the oocyte already exhibits global hypomethylation, most prominently at specific families of long interspersed element-1 and long terminal repeat retro-elements, which are disparate between gametes and resolve to lower methylation values in zygote. Surprisingly, the oocyte contributes a unique set of Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs), including many CpG Island promoter regions, that are maintained in the early embryo but are lost upon specification and absent from somatic cells. In contrast, sperm-contributed DMRs are largely intergenic and resolve to hypermethylation after the blastocyst stage. Our data provide a complete genome-scale, base-resolution timeline of DNA methylation in the pre-specified embryo, when this epigenetic modification is most dynamic, before returning to the canonical somatic pattern.
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