The importance of population susceptibility for air pollution risk assessment: a case study of power plants near Washington, DC.
The importance of population susceptibility for air pollution risk assessment: a case study of power plants near Washington, DC.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.021101253
复制
发表时间：
2002-12
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Spengler JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy JI;Greco SL;Spengler JD
在评估空气污染的风险时，健康影响评估往往侧重于影响的程度，而没有明确考虑影响在各亚群之间的分布情况。在这项研究中，我们构建了一个模型，以估计在华盛顿，DC地区的五个老电厂的排放控制相关的健康效益的大小和分布。我们使用CALPUFF大气扩散模型来确定与“最佳可用控制技术”在选定发电厂的假设应用相关的一级和二级细颗粒物（空气动力学直径< 2.5微米）浓度降低。我们将这些浓度降低与死亡率和选定发病率结局的浓度-反应函数相结合，使用传统方法并考虑易感亚群。降低易感性对总获益的影响最小，中心估计每年约减少240例过早死亡，减少60例心血管住院（CHA），减少160例儿科哮喘急诊室就诊（ERV）。然而，由于受教育程度较低的人似乎有较高的背景死亡率和较高的空气污染相关死亡率的相对风险，按教育程度分层意味着51%的死亡率收益在25%的受教育程度低于高中的人口中积累。同样，糖尿病患者和非裔美国人分别承担了CHA和ERV福利的不成比例的份额。虽然我们表征亚群的能力受到现有信息的限制，但我们的分析表明，纳入易感性信息会显著影响健康益处的人口和地理模式，并增强我们对可能受益于排放控制的个人的理解。
In evaluating risks from air pollution, health impact assessments often focus on the magnitude of the impacts without explicitly considering the distribution of impacts across subpopulations. In this study, we constructed a model to estimate the magnitude and distribution of health benefits associated with emission controls at five older power plants in the Washington, DC, area. We used the CALPUFF atmospheric dispersion model to determine the primary and secondary fine-particulate-matter (< 2.5 micro m in aerodynamic diameter) concentration reductions associated with the hypothetical application of "Best Available Control Technology" to the selected power plants. We combined these concentration reductions with concentration-response functions for mortality and selected morbidity outcomes, using a conventional approach as well as considering susceptible subpopulations. Incorporating susceptibility had a minimal effect on total benefits, with central estimates of approximately 240 fewer premature deaths, 60 fewer cardiovascular hospital admissions (CHA), and 160 fewer pediatric asthma emergency room visits (ERV) per year. However, because individuals with lower education appear to have both higher background mortality rates and higher relative risks for air-pollution-related mortality, stratifying by educational attainment implies that 51% of the mortality benefits accrue among the 25% of the population with less than high school education. Similarly, diabetics and African Americans bear disproportionate shares of the CHA and ERV benefits, respectively. Although our ability to characterize subpopulations is constrained by the available information, our analysis demonstrates that incorporation of susceptibility information significantly affects demographic and geographic patterns of health benefits and enhances our understanding of individuals likely to benefit from emission controls.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Hu, FB;Manson, JE;Willett, WC
通讯作者：
Willett, WC
DOI：
10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
发表时间：
1986-09-01
期刊：
CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
影响因子：
--
作者：
DERSIMONIAN, R;LAIRD, N
通讯作者：
LAIRD, N
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Backlund, E;Sorlie, PD;Johnson, NJ
通讯作者：
Johnson, NJ
DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2002.10470753
发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Levy, JI;Spengler, JD
通讯作者：
Spengler, JD
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Hattis, D;Russ, A;Chu, M
通讯作者：
Chu, M