Venom of parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum, suppresses host, Pieris rapae, immune promotion by decreasing host C-type lectin gene expression.
Venom of parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum, suppresses host, Pieris rapae, immune promotion by decreasing host C-type lectin gene expression.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0026888
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ye GY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fang Q;Wang F;Gatehouse JA;Gatehouse AM;Chen XX;Hu C;Ye GY
昆虫宿主已经进化出抵抗寄生蜂入侵的免疫力，并且在共进化反应中寄生蜂也发展出克服宿主免疫系统的策略。寄生蜂毒液干扰宿主免疫促进的机制尚不清楚。我们在这里报告了一个新的机制进化的寄生蜂Pteromalus puparum，其毒液抑制促进免疫力在其宿主菜粉蝶（白菜白色蝴蝶）。从油菜毕赤酵母中克隆了编码C型凝集素（Pr-CTL）的全长cDNA。定量PCR和免疫印迹显示，注射细菌和惰性珠诱导表达的Pr-CTL，与mRNA和Pr-CTL蛋白水平的峰值分别在4和8小时后珠挑战。与此相反，寄生蜂毒液抑制Pr-CTL表达时，共注射珠，在时间和剂量依赖性的方式。免疫定位和免疫印迹结果表明，Pr-CTL首先在宿主血淋巴中的粒细胞胞质中的囊泡中检测到，然后从细胞分泌到循环液中。最后，分泌的Pr-CTL结合到粒细胞和浆细胞的细胞膜上。注射靶基因特异性双链RNA后，Pr-CTL及其它一些宿主免疫相关基因的表达均下降。抑制Pr-CTL表达也下调抗菌和酚氧化酶活性，并降低宿主的吞噬和包囊率。寄生蜂毒液对宿主包囊的抑制作用与其抑制Pr-CTL表达的作用一致。结合试验结果表明，重组Pr-CTL可直接附着于蛹虫草卵表面。我们推测Pr-CTL可能作为免疫信号的协同效应子，首先与寄生蜂卵结合，调节一组免疫相关基因的表达，促进宿主免疫。 蛹虫草毒通过抑制宿主C型凝集素基因Pr-CTL的表达来抑制宿主免疫应答的促进作用，Pr-CTL的表达影响宿主其他免疫相关基因的转录。
Insect hosts have evolved immunity against invasion by parasitoids, and in co-evolutionary response parasitoids have also developed strategies to overcome host immune systems. The mechanisms through which parasitoid venoms disrupt the promotion of host immunity are still unclear. We report here a new mechanism evolved by parasitoid Pteromalus puparum, whose venom inhibited the promotion of immunity in its host Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly). A full-length cDNA encoding a C-type lectin (Pr-CTL) was isolated from P. rapae. Quantitative PCR and immunoblotting showed that injection of bacterial and inert beads induced expression of Pr-CTL, with peaks of mRNA and Pr-CTL protein levels at 4 and 8 h post beads challenge, respectively. In contrast, parasitoid venom suppressed Pr-CTL expression when co-injected with beads, in a time and dose-dependent manner. Immunolocalization and immunoblotting results showed that Pr-CTL was first detectable in vesicles present in cytoplasm of granulocytes in host hemolymph, and was then secreted from cells into circulatory fluid. Finally, the secreted Pr-CTL bound to cellular membranes of both granulocytes and plasmatocytes. Injection of double-stranded RNA specific for target gene decreased expression of Pr-CTL, and a few other host immune-related genes. Suppression of Pr-CTL expression also down-regulated antimicrobial and phenoloxidase activities, and reducing phagocytotic and encapsulation rates in host. The inhibitory effect of parasitoid venom on host encapsulation is consistent with its effect in suppressing Pr-CTL expression. Binding assay results showed that recombinant Pr-CTL directly attached to the surface of P. puparum egges. We infer that Pr-CTL may serve as an immune signalling co-effector, first binding to parasitoid eggs, regulating expression of a set of immune-related genes and promoting host immunity. P. puparum venom inhibits promotion of host immune responses by silencing expression of host C-type lectin gene Pr-CTL, whose expression affected transcription of other host immune-related genes.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Barat-Houari M;Hilliou F;Jousset FX;Sofer L;Deleury E;Rocher J;Ravallec M;Galibert L;Delobel P;Feyereisen R;Fournier P;Volkoff AN
通讯作者：
Volkoff AN
DOI：
10.1016/0167-5699(92)90198-g
发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
IMMUNOLOGY TODAY
影响因子：
--
作者：
JANEWAY, CA
通讯作者：
JANEWAY, CA
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Kang, CI;Kim, SH;Choe, KW
通讯作者：
Choe, KW
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
JOMORI, T;NATORI, S
通讯作者：
NATORI, S
DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.01.007
发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Lee, Sunyoung;Nalini, Madanagopal;Kim, Yonggyun
通讯作者：
Kim, Yonggyun