Feeling, caring, knowing: different types of empathy deficit in boys with psychopathic tendencies and autism spectrum disorder.
Feeling, caring, knowing: different types of empathy deficit in boys with psychopathic tendencies and autism spectrum disorder.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02280.x
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发表时间：
2010-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Viding E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones AP;Happé FG;Gilbert F;Burnett S;Viding E
共情功能障碍是精神病的标志之一，但有时也被认为是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的原因。有这两种情况的人都可能对他人漠不关心。本研究旨在比较和对比直接与心理变态倾向的男孩和自闭症男孩的任务评估方面的情感共情和认知观点采择。该研究的主要目的是评估是否有精神病倾向和ASD的男孩会出现明显的移情缺陷，以及移情缺陷是否与一般的行为问题有关，而不是与精神病倾向或ASD有关。比较了四组9至16岁的男孩（N = 96）：1）精神病倾向，2）ASD，3）行为问题和4）比较。任务包括探索情绪归因于自我，同情的攻击和认知观点采择能力的受害者。有精神病倾向的男孩有一个与功能失调的情感同理心相一致的轮廓。他们报告说，与对照组男孩相比，他们经历的恐惧和对攻击受害者的同情更少。他们的认知观点采择能力在统计学上与对照组男孩没有显著差异。相比之下，ASD男孩在需要认知视角的任务中遇到困难，但报告的情感体验和受害者同情与对照男孩一致。行为问题的男孩与对照男孩没有什么不同，这表明在有精神病倾向的男孩中看到的情感同理心缺陷是特定于该组的，而不是所有行为问题的男孩所共有的。虽然这两个群体都可能表现得漠不关心，但我们的研究结果表明，精神病倾向和ASD的情感/信息处理相关性是完全不同的。精神病倾向与难以与他人的痛苦产生共鸣有关，而ASD的特点是难以了解他人的想法。
Empathy dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of psychopathy, but it is also sometimes thought to characterise autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Individuals with either condition can appear uncaring towards others. This study set out to compare and contrast directly boys with psychopathic tendencies and boys with ASD on tasks assessing aspects of affective empathy and cognitive perspective taking. The main aim of the study was to assess whether a distinct profile of empathy deficits would emerge for boys with psychopathic tendencies and ASD, and whether empathy deficits would be associated with conduct problems in general, rather than psychopathic tendencies or ASD specifically. Four groups of boys aged between 9 and 16 years (N = 96) were compared: 1) psychopathic tendencies, 2) ASD, 3) conduct problems and 4) comparison. Tasks were included to probe attribution of emotions to self, empathy for victims of aggression and cognitive perspective-taking ability. Boys with psychopathic tendencies had a profile consistent with dysfunctional affective empathy. They reported experiencing less fear and less empathy for victims of aggression than comparison boys. Their cognitive perspective-taking abilities were not statistically significantly different from those of comparison boys. In contrast, boys with ASD had difficulties with tasks requiring cognitive perspective taking, but reported emotional experiences and victim empathy that were in line with comparison boys. Boys with conduct problems did not differ from comparison boys, suggesting that the affective empathy deficit seen in boys with psychopathic tendencies was specific to that group, rather than common to all boys with conduct problems. Although both groups can appear uncaring, our findings suggest that the affective/information processing correlates of psychopathic tendencies and ASD are quite different. Psychopathic tendencies are associated with difficulties in resonating with other people’s distress, whereas ASD is characterised by difficulties in knowing what other people think.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x
发表时间：
1992-07-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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BOWLER, DM
影响因子：
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作者：
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