Current COVID-19 vaccine candidates: Implications in the Saudi population.
Current COVID-19 vaccine candidates: Implications in the Saudi population.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.019
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Al-Jedai A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raja AT;Alshamsan A;Al-Jedai A
本综述的目的是讨论旨在开发2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗的本地和国际临床试验工作的现状，并强调该疫苗在全球和沙特阿拉伯的预期挑战。2019冠状病毒疫苗研发工作于2020年1月初开始，当时中国科学家在公共领域分享了冠状病毒基因组序列。大约有321个研究小组开始寻找疫苗，其中41个已经进入第一/第二阶段试验，11个进入第三阶段临床试验，包括批准的早期至有限使用的疫苗。在这些项目中，沙特阿拉伯王国的两个实验室仍处于COVID-19疫苗开发的早期阶段。从传统的减毒病毒方法到新的基于核酸的设计，正在测试几种疫苗尝试。然而，还没有疫苗完成临床试验并进入公共领域。尽管在之前的疫苗试验中面临挑战，但研究人员发现，COVID-19的病原体严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）在结构上与分别在2003年和2012年引起流行的SARS-CoV-1和中东呼吸道综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）相似。两种SARS病毒株对II型肺泡肺泡细胞血管紧张素转换酶-2（ACE-2）受体结合域显示相同的亲和力，因此具有相似的致病性。开发疫苗的竞赛主要针对感染风险高的个人，即最容易出现冠状病毒致命症状的人群。这些包括患有合并症的患者，年龄在60岁以上，以及有感染大量病毒载量风险的人，例如在住院病房，重症监护室和急诊室环境中照顾危重病人的医疗保健提供者。在研究时间轴的不同阶段，许多不同的疫苗策略正在开发中;然而，据估计，在2020年底之前，没有一种疫苗策略会显示出有利的结果。任何免疫或干预性预防/治疗系统要接触到公众和高危患者，都需要经过多期试验，以确保安全性和有效性。在本次范围审查中，我们的目标是绘制关于COVID-19疫苗的文献，并就研究差距、适用性和在沙特阿拉伯实施全国疫苗接种的预期挑战提供建议。
The purpose of this review is to discuss the current status of local and international efforts undergoing clinical trials aiming at developing a Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, and to highlight the anticipated challenges of this vaccine globally and in Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 vaccine development efforts started in early January 2020 when Chinese scientists shared the Coronavirus genomic sequence in public domain. Approximately 321 research groups initiated the search for a vaccine, out of which 41 have reached phase I/II trails and 11 reached phase-III clinical trials, including approved vaccines for early to limited use. Out of these projects are two labs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia still in early stages of development of a COVID-19 vaccine. Several vaccine attempts are being tested from traditional, attenuated virus methods, to new nucleic acid-based designs. However, no vaccine has yet completed clinical trials and reached public domain. In spite of the challenges faced during previous vaccine trials, researchers have found that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 is structurally similar to the (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which caused epidemics in 2003 and 2012 respectively. Both SARS strains show identical affinity towards the type-II alveolar pneumocytes angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor binding domains and therefore, similar pathogenicity. The race to develop the vaccine is predominantly for individuals at high risk of developing the infection, i.e. population groups who are most susceptible to experiencing fatal symptoms of the coronavirus. These include patients with comorbidities, above the age of 60 years and people at risk of contracting large viral loads, such as healthcare providers caring for critical admissions in in-patient wards, Intensive Care Units and Emergency Room settings. Many different vaccine strategies are under development throughout different stages of the research timeline; however, it is estimated that none will show favorable results before end of 2020. For any immunization or interventional prevention/therapy system to reach the public and patients at high risk, it needs to undergo multiple phase trials to ensure safety and effectiveness. In this scoping review we aim to map the literature on COVID-19 vaccines and provide recommendations related to gaps in research, applicability and expected challenges for implementation of nationwide vaccination in Saudi Arabia.
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DOI：
10.3390/healthcare4030047
发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Maltezou HC;Poland GA
通讯作者：
Poland GA
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Lefkowitz EJ;Dempsey DM;Hendrickson RC;Orton RJ;Siddell SG;Smith DB
通讯作者：
Smith DB
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2009637117
发表时间：
2020-06-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Zhang, Renyi;Li, Yixin;Molina, Mario J.
通讯作者：
Molina, Mario J.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Basu A;Sarkar A;Maulik U
通讯作者：
Maulik U
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0506735102
发表时间：
2005-09-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lau, SKP;Woo, PCY;Yuen, KY
通讯作者：
Yuen, KY