Impedances of the inner and middle ear estimated from intracochlear sound pressures in normal human temporal bones.
Impedances of the inner and middle ear estimated from intracochlear sound pressures in normal human temporal bones.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.019
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Nakajima HH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frear DL;Guan X;Stieger C;Rosowski JJ;Nakajima HH
近十年来，我们在许多新鲜的尸体标本上测量了由空气传导（AC）声音传入耳道引起的颅内声压。在多个样本的圆窗（RW）机械刺激期间也获得了类似的测量结果。在本研究中，我们使用我们积累的数据，耳蜗内的压力和同时速度测量的镫骨或RW，以确定耳蜗分区，RW的声阻抗，从阶前庭和阶鼓的泄漏路径，以及反向中耳阻抗。有了这些阻抗，我们开发了一个计算集总元件模型的正常耳朵，照亮声音传输的基本机制。为了计算我们模型的阻抗，我们使用通过以下严格纳入标准的数据：（a）定义为镫骨速度与耳道声压之比的正常中耳传递函数，（B）内耳内没有空气的证据，以及（c）严格控制压力传感器灵敏度。在此严格筛选后，AC和RW刺激的听骨速度和颅内压的更新的正常平均值以及个体代表性数据用于计算阻抗。这项工作证明了生理声学泄漏阻抗的存在和价值，有时可以显着地促进声音传输的一些刺激方式。该模型允许了解各种声音刺激方法（如AC，RW和骨传导）的人类声音传输机制，以及与耳声发射相关的声音传输。
For almost a decade, we have measured intracochlear sound pressures evoked by air conducted (AC) sound presented to the ear canal in many fresh human cadaveric specimens. Similar measurements were also obtained during round window (RW) mechanical stimulation in multiple specimens. In the present study, we use our accumulated data of intracochlear pressures and simultaneous velocity measurements of the stapes or RW to determine acoustic impedances of the cochlear partition, RW, and the leakage paths from scala vestibuli and scala tympani, as well as the reverse middle ear impedance. With these impedances, we develop a computational lumped-element model of the normal ear that illuminates fundamental mechanisms of sound transmission. To calculate the impedances for our model, we use data that passes strict inclusion criteria of: (a) normal middle-ear transfer function defined as the ratio of stapes velocity to ear-canal sound pressure, (b) no evidence of air within the inner ear, and (c) tight control of the pressure sensor sensitivity. After this strict screening, updated normal means, as well as individual representative data, of ossicular velocities and intracochlear pressures for AC and RW stimulation are used to calculate impedances. This work demonstrates the existence and the value of physiological acoustic leak impedances that can sometimes contribute significantly to sound transmission for some stimulation modalities. This model allows understanding of human sound transmission mechanisms for various sound stimulation methods such as AC, RW, and bone conduction, as well as sound transmission related to otoacoustic emissions.
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