Altered short-term neural plasticity related to schizotypal traits: Evidence from visual adaptation.
Altered short-term neural plasticity related to schizotypal traits: Evidence from visual adaptation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.013
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发表时间：
2019-05
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Brascamp JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thakkar KN;Antinori A;Carter OL;Brascamp JW
突触可塑性的缺失被认为是在精神分裂症中观察到的神经连接障碍的基础。测量突触可塑性的一种方法是通过感觉适应，其中感觉神经元在持续刺激暴露后表现出降低的敏感性。精神分裂症患者适应能力下降的证据目前尚不确定，可能是由于样本间临床和药物状态的异质性。在这里，我们绕过这些混淆检查是否改变适应亚临床代表在一般人群中。为了验证这一点，我们使用了三个范式，从视觉感知研究，提供了一个精确的和非侵入性的适应指数的视觉系统。两种范式涉及一类被称为视觉后效的错觉感知。第三种依赖于一种被称为双眼竞争的视觉现象，其中不相容的刺激呈现给两只眼睛，观察者在只感知一种刺激或两者的组合（即混合感知）之间交替。我们分析了这些范式中视觉适应的强度和动态，与仿形性有关。我们的研究结果表明，增加的仿形性状与减少的方向，但没有亮度，后效强度（实验。1）。此外，在双眼竞争期间，增加的混合型与更大比例的混合感知有关（Exp. 1和2）。鉴于视觉适应在细胞和计算水平上得到了很好的理解，我们的数据表明视觉系统的短期可塑性可以提供有关精神分裂症疾病机制的重要信息。
Abnormalities in synaptic plasticity are argued to underlie the neural dysconnectivity observed in schizophrenia. One way to measure synaptic plasticity is through sensory adaptation, whereby sensory neurons exhibit reduced sensitivity after sustained stimulus exposure. Evidence for decreased adaptation in individuals with schizophrenia is currently inconclusive, possibly due to heterogeneity in clinical and medication status across samples. Here we circumvent these confounds by examining whether altered adaptation is represented sub-clinically in the general population. To test this we used three paradigms from visual perception research that provide a precise and non-invasive index of adaptation in the visual system. Two paradigms involve a class of illusory percepts termed visual aftereffects. The third relies on a visual phenomenon termed binocular rivalry, where incompatible stimuli are presented to the two eyes and observers alternate between perceiving exclusively one stimulus or a combination of the two (i.e. mixed perception). We analyzed the strength and dynamics of visual adaptation in these paradigms, in relation to schizotypy. Our results showed that increased schizotypal traits were related to reduced orientation, but not luminance, aftereffect strength (Exp. 1). Further, increased schizotypy was related to a greater proportion of mixed perception during binocular rivalry (Exp. 1 and 2). Given that visual adaption is well understood at cellular and computational levels, our data suggest that short-term plasticity in the visual system can provide important information about the disease mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Butler PD;Silverstein SM;Dakin SC
通讯作者：
Dakin SC
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
BRINDLEY, GS
通讯作者：
BRINDLEY, GS
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
ANSTIS, S;ROGERS, B;HENRY, J
通讯作者：
HENRY, J
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Alais, David;Cass, John;O'Shea, Robert P.;Blake, Randolph
通讯作者：
Blake, Randolph