Biological substrates of reward and aversion: a nucleus accumbens activity hypothesis.
Biological substrates of reward and aversion: a nucleus accumbens activity hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.075
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Thomas MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlezon WA Jr;Thomas MJ
伏隔核（NAc）是中脑边缘皮质系统的关键组成部分，这一脑回路与奖赏和动机有关。这种基底前脑结构接收来自腹侧被盖区（VTA）的多巴胺（DA）输入以及来自包括前额叶皮质（PFC）、杏仁核（AMG）和海马（HIP）等区域的谷氨酸（GLU）输入。因此，它整合了来自边缘和皮质区域的输入，将动机与行动联系起来。伏隔核在介导滥用药物以及食物和性行为等自然奖赏的奖赏效应方面具有明确的作用。然而，越来越多的药理学、分子学和电生理学证据表明，它在介导厌恶状态方面也可能起着重要（有时未被充分认识）的作用。在此，我们综述相关证据，表明奖赏和厌恶状态在伏隔核中等多棘γ-氨基丁酸能神经元的活动中被编码，这些神经元占该区域神经元的绝大多数。虽然这个工作假设诚然简单，但利用现有的和新兴的技术组合是可以验证的，这些技术包括电生理学、基因工程和功能性脑成像。对情绪状态的基本神经生物学有更深入的理解将有助于开发耐受性良好的药物，用于治疗和预防成瘾以及其他与大脑动机系统失调相关的疾病（例如，情绪障碍）。
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a critical element of the mesocorticolimbic system, a brain circuit implicated in reward and motivation. This basal forebrain structure receives dopamine (DA) input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and glutamate (GLU) input from regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala (AMG), and hippocampus (HIP). As such, it integrates inputs from limbic and cortical regions, linking motivation with action. The NAc has a well-established role in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and natural rewards such as food and sexual behavior. However, accumulating pharmacological, molecular, and electrophysiological evidence has raised the possibility that it also plays an important (and sometimes underappreciated) role in mediating aversive states. Here we review evidence that rewarding and aversive states are encoded in the activity of NAc medium spiny GABAergic neurons, which account for the vast majority of the neurons in this region. While admittedly simple, this working hypothesis is testable using combinations of available and emerging technologies, including electrophysiology, genetic engineering, and functional brain imaging. A deeper understanding of the basic neurobiology of mood states will facilitate the development of well-tolerated medications that treat and prevent addiction and other conditions (e.g., mood disorders) associated with dysregulation of brain motivation systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/0278-5846(83)90027-1
发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
BOZARTH, MA;WISE, RA
通讯作者：
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作者：
BOZARTH, MA;WISE, RA
通讯作者：
WISE, RA
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Woodward, DJ