Social Brain Hypothesis: Vocal and Gesture Networks of Wild Chimpanzees.
Social Brain Hypothesis: Vocal and Gesture Networks of Wild Chimpanzees.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01756
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Roberts AI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts SG;Roberts AI
灵长类动物和人类大脑进化的一个关键驱动因素是管理社会关系所产生的认知需求。在灵长类动物中，梳理毛发在维持这些关系中起着关键作用，但用于梳理毛发的时间本质上是有限的。沟通可能是一种额外的、更省时的联系机制，但沟通模式与社交模式之间的关系仍然知之甚少。我们使用社会网络分析来检验野生黑猩猩的亲密关系（每小时在10米内待的时间）、梳理、声音交流和手势交流（每小时在10米内待的时间和频率）之间的联系。本研究检验了先验假设，结果没有进行多重检验。黑猩猩有不同的社会关系，集中注意力的黑猩猩与几乎所有群体成员保持一定程度的接近，但对少数喜欢的社会伙伴做出手势和梳理。亲密程度高的黑猩猩对有更高的梳理率。重要的是，更高的手势交流率也与接近程度呈正相关，特别是与关系相关的手势（问候，相互培养的手势）与接近程度有关。在成对的黑猩猩中，同步的低强度的裤子叫声也与接近度呈正相关。此外，黑猩猩个体的“邻近网络”（即它们与其他黑猩猩维持的社会关系的数量）的大小也存在差异。具有更大邻近网络的焦点黑猩猩同步低强度和同步高强度的裤子叫的频率都更高。这些结果表明，除了梳理毛发之外，手势和同步发声可能在黑猩猩管理大量不同的社会关系方面发挥着关键作用。手势在减少因与他人近距离接触而产生的攻击性方面可能很重要，可以使接近保持更长时间，并促进梳理。与手势相比，发声可以让黑猩猩与更多的接受者进行交流，而裤脚叫声的同步性可能会促进更多社会关系的社会联系。在人类进化过程中，随着群体规模的扩大，手势和同步发声可能在建立社会关系方面发挥了重要作用，这种方式比梳理毛发更省时。
A key driver of brain evolution in primates and humans is the cognitive demands arising from managing social relationships. In primates, grooming plays a key role in maintaining these relationships, but the time that can be devoted to grooming is inherently limited. Communication may act as an additional, more time-efficient bonding mechanism to grooming, but how patterns of communication are related to patterns of sociality is still poorly understood. We used social network analysis to examine the associations between close proximity (duration of time spent within 10 m per hour spent in the same party), grooming, vocal communication, and gestural communication (duration of time and frequency of behavior per hour spent within 10 m) in wild chimpanzees. This study examined hypotheses formulated a priori and the results were not corrected for multiple testing. Chimpanzees had differentiated social relationships, with focal chimpanzees maintaining some level of proximity to almost all group members, but directing gestures at and grooming with a smaller number of preferred social partners. Pairs of chimpanzees that had high levels of close proximity had higher rates of grooming. Importantly, higher rates of gestural communication were also positively associated with levels of proximity, and specifically gestures associated with affiliation (greeting, gesture to mutually groom) were related to proximity. Synchronized low-intensity pant-hoots were also positively related to proximity in pairs of chimpanzees. Further, there were differences in the size of individual chimpanzees' proximity networks—the number of social relationships they maintained with others. Focal chimpanzees with larger proximity networks had a higher rate of both synchronized low- intensity pant-hoots and synchronized high-intensity pant-hoots. These results suggest that in addition to grooming, both gestures and synchronized vocalizations may play key roles in allowing chimpanzees to manage a large and differentiated set of social relationships. Gestures may be important in reducing the aggression arising from being in close proximity to others, allowing for proximity to be maintained for longer and facilitating grooming. Vocalizations may allow chimpanzees to communicate with a larger number of recipients than gestures and the synchronized nature of the pant-hoot calls may facilitate social bonding of more numerous social relationships. As group sizes increased through human evolution, both gestures and synchronized vocalizations may have played important roles in bonding social relationships in a more time-efficient manner than grooming.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Beisner BA;McCowan B
通讯作者：
McCowan B
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Amici, Federica;Aureli, Filippo;Call, Josep
通讯作者：
Call, Josep
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Beerda, B;Schilder, MBH;Mol, JA
通讯作者：
Mol, JA
影响因子：
3
作者：
Dekker D;Krackhardt D;Snijders TA
通讯作者：
Snijders TA
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
ARROWOOD, PC
通讯作者：
ARROWOOD, PC