Policing in nonhuman primates: partial interventions serve a prosocial conflict management function in rhesus macaques.
Policing in nonhuman primates: partial interventions serve a prosocial conflict management function in rhesus macaques.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0077369
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McCowan B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beisner BA;McCowan B
非人类社会中的亲社会警务研究传统上侧重于公正干预，因为有一个基本假设，即部分支持意味着干预者的直接利益，从而否定了为了群体利益而维持社会稳定的亲社会潜力。然而，某些类型的部分干预在控制冲突方面具有亲社会的巨大潜力，例如非亲属下属的支持。在这里，我们提出了一个警务支持假设，即某些类型的竞争性支持具有维持群体稳定的亲社会警务功能。我们使用七个大型圈养恒河猴群体，研究了干预类型与群体层面的成本和收益（创伤率、严重攻击性、社会重新安置）以及个体层面的成本和收益（优先性二元目标、减少优势模糊、获得配偶和回报攻击性）之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，公正的干预和对下级非亲属的支持代表了亲社会警务，因为两者（1）分别与群体层面的创伤和严重攻击发生率呈负相关，（2）没有显示出赋予个体支配优势的潜力，（3）在交配季节之外进行时，不会增加与受益人交配的机会，（4）对于最高级别的干预者来说成本较低。我们建议扩大非人类“警务”的定义，以包括这些“警务支持干预措施”。
Studies of prosocial policing in nonhuman societies traditionally focus on impartial interventions because of an underlying assumption that partial support implies a direct benefit to the intervener, thereby negating the potential for being prosocial in maintaining social stability for the benefit of the group. However, certain types of partial interventions have significant potential to be prosocial in controlling conflict, e.g. support of non-kin subordinates. Here, we propose a policing support hypothesis that some types of agonistic support serve a prosocial policing function that maintains group stability. Using seven large captive groups of rhesus macaques, we investigated the relationship between intervention type and group-level costs and benefits (rates of trauma, severe aggression, social relocation) and individual level costs and benefits (preferential sex-dyad targeting, dominance ambiguity reduction, access to mates, and return aggression). Our results show that impartial interventions and support of subordinate non-kin represent prosocial policing as both (1) were negatively associated with group-level rates of trauma and severe aggression, respectively, (2) showed no potential to confer individual dominance benefits, (3) when performed outside the mating season, they did not increase chances of mating with the beneficiary, and (4) were low-cost for the highest-ranking interveners. We recommend expanding the definition of ‘policing’ in nonhumans to include these ‘policing support interventions’.
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通讯作者：
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俘虏恒河猕猴社会的排名网络：一个复杂的企业王国。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Fushing H;McAssey MP;Beisner B;McCowan B
通讯作者：
McCowan B