Iowa Gambling Task (IGT): twenty years after - gambling disorder and IGT.

Iowa Gambling Task (IGT): twenty years after - gambling disorder and IGT.
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DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00665
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发表时间:
2013-09-30
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Noël X
Noël X
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brevers D;Bechara A;Cleeremans A;Noël X

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爱荷华州赌博任务(IGT)涉及通过金钱奖励和惩罚的概率学习,其中有利的任务表现要求受试者放弃潜在的大的即时奖励,以获得小的长期奖励,以避免更大的损失。病理性赌徒(PG)在IGT上的表现比对照组更差,这与他们对高、即时和不确定的奖励的持续偏好有关,尽管他们经历了更大的损失。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了研究与PG中IGT表现不佳相关的过程的研究。这些研究的结果似乎符合最近的成瘾神经认知模型,他们认为,成瘾者思考短期和长期选择结果的能力下降可能是过度活跃的自动注意力和记忆系统的产物,该系统用于发出与成瘾相关的线索的信号(例如,在一个实施方式中,与IGT期间不利的牌组选择相关联的高不确定奖励)以及归因于这样的线索的快乐和兴奋。这种与赌博相关的选择在PG中的激励显著性可能是如此之高,以至于它可以从字面上“劫持”资源[“热”执行功能(EF)],涉及情绪自我调节,并且是必要的,以允许制定进一步详细的去情境化的解决问题的能力(“酷”EF)。未来的研究框架也提出了建议,这突出了需要研究这些过程如何有助于具体的异常选择PG IGT上显示的配置文件。
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) involves probabilistic learning via monetary rewards and punishments, where advantageous task performance requires subjects to forego potential large immediate rewards for small longer-term rewards to avoid larger losses. Pathological gamblers (PG) perform worse on the IGT compared to controls, relating to their persistent preference toward high, immediate, and uncertain rewards despite experiencing larger losses. In this contribution, we review studies that investigated processes associated with poor IGT performance in PG. Findings from these studies seem to fit with recent neurocognitive models of addiction, which argue that the diminished ability of addicted individuals to ponder short-term against long-term consequences of a choice may be the product of an hyperactive automatic attentional and memory system for signaling the presence of addiction-related cues (e.g., high uncertain rewards associated with disadvantageous decks selection during the IGT) and for attributing to such cues pleasure and excitement. This incentive-salience associated with gambling-related choice in PG may be so high that it could literally “hijack” resources [“hot” executive functions (EFs)] involved in emotional self-regulation and necessary to allow the enactment of further elaborate decontextualized problem-solving abilities (“cool” EFs). A framework for future research is also proposed, which highlights the need for studies examining how these processes contribute specifically to the aberrant choice profile displayed by PG on the IGT.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050647
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期刊: PloS one
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